Grafted watermelon seedlings are grafted by top-plugging method. This method has many drawbacks for factory production. Since 2001, China has introduced and promoted a new grafting technology, namely, the root grafting method, and the traditional grafting method using rootstock rootstock. In order to remove the root system of the rootstock, the rootstock is induced to produce new roots while grafting heals. The root-growth grafting method has proved many obvious advantages in the demonstration and promotion. The seedlings produced by the root-growth grafting method are thick and strong, the growth is neat and uniform, and the root system is developed after planting. The technique of grafting seedlings of watermelon roots has been widely promoted and applied in the factory production of seedlings in China. The production of watermelon grafted seedlings of Chuanhua Dadi Group has basically adopted the method of root grafting.
First, the rootstock and scion seeding period
Using the gourd as a rootstock, the rootstock should be sown two days earlier than the scion.
Second, soaking seeds and germination
1. Rootstock: The rootstock seeds are sun-dried for 2-3 days. Before sowing, they are soaked with warm water of 55-60 °C. Stir the seeds until the water temperature drops to 30 °C. After natural cooling, soak them with 2% bleaching powder for 15 minutes. After cleaning, soak it in water for more than 16 hours, then wash it 2-3 times to be broadcast.
2, scion: before sowing with 55-60 ° C warm water soaking seeds disinfection, the same method as the rootstock. After the water temperature is naturally cooled, it should be cleaned 2-3 times, and after soaking for 6-8 hours, it should be washed 3-4 times to be broadcast.
Third, sowing
1. Rootstock: Select 45cm × 45cm seedling tray for seeding, firstly 3-5cm thick fully sterilized seedling special substrate in the tray, compact the rootstock seed after compaction, require line spacing 5cm, plant spacing 1.5 - 2 cm, the seeds are in the same direction, about 220-230 seeds are planted. Then use the disinfected fine sand to cover about 1.5 cm, fully watered and placed in the germination chamber of 28-30 °C to germination, and move to the nursery greenhouse when the arch is soiled.
2, watermelon: use the same square plate to first 3-5 cm thick substrate, watermelon seeds spread on the top, and then cover with a substrate about 2 cm, watered and placed in the 28-30 ° C germination room, pay attention to watering Not too much, otherwise it will affect the germination of seeds. After germination, it is necessary to remove the shell in time to see the light, but the light should not be too strong.
Fourth, before the graft management
1. Rootstock: The sand should not be dry before emergence. When the seedlings are out, the water should be controlled in time. The general principle is to water the sand in the morning, and the sand is dry in the evening. Pest control should be done before grafting. Under normal circumstances, the cotyledon should be sprayed once with 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, and the day before grafting, spray 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution and 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution.
2. After germination in the germination chamber, the watermelon should be filled with light and sprayed in time. When the seedlings are placed, they should be placed in the nursery greenhouse to see natural light. The substrate should not be dried. Spray 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times before grafting.
V. Grafting
1. Grafting period: The first true leaf size of the rootstock is the same as the five-cent coin; the watermelon cotyledons are flat.
2. Preparation: The rootstock is smeared the day before grafting, and the water is poured 0.5-1 hour before grafting. Watermelon seedlings should be sprayed with water when grafting. Before cutting, the seedbed in the living area should be disinfected and warmed up one hour in advance. Fix a worker to cut rootstock and watermelon seedlings.
3. Grafting method: The rootstock is cut off from the 5 cm below the cotyledons, and the watermelon seedlings are reliably cut at the bottom. When grafting, use a special grafting tag to insert obliquely downward from the upper vertical cotyledon of the rootstock and take out the grafting tag. The depth is 0.5 cm to avoid the epidermis. The watermelon seedlings are cut flat under the cotyledons along the direction of the stems. They should not be too thick. Then cut a knife at 0.5 cm and insert the roots quickly. After grafting, put it in a cardboard box to moisturize it.
4, cuttings: the ordinary seedling substrate is used to fill the 72-hole seedling tray, after pouring the bottom water, the transplanted seedlings are inserted, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm. Immediately after cutting, put it into the seedbed of the living area.
5. Grafting points: Grafting personnel, cutting staff, cutting seedlings and logistic personnel should be confirmed on the day before grafting. When ordering, the quality inspection personnel should be arranged to ensure the quality and quantity of grafting on the same day; preparations for grafting, including grafting tools, Towels, graft trays, disinfectants and graft labels.
VI. Survival Management
1. Temperature: 3 days after grafting, the temperature requirement is higher, 26-28 °C during the day and 22-24 °C at night. When the temperature is higher than 32 °C, it should be ventilated and cooled. In the next few days, the temperature should be appropriately reduced according to the wound healing condition by 2-3 °C. . After 8-10 days, enter the normal management of the seedling stage.
2. Humidity: The humidity requirement is more than 95% in the first two days after grafting. Spraying humidification when low humidity, pay attention to the fact that the leaf surface can not accumulate water. As the ventilation time lengthens, the humidity gradually decreases to about 85%. After 7 days, the normal seedling humidity management was approached according to the healing condition.
3, light: two days after grafting to shade, after a few days to see the natural light in the morning and evening, in the management, depending on the situation gradually increase the light time, can allow mild wilting. The shading net can be completely removed in 8-10 days.
4. Ventilation: Under normal circumstances, it should be closed and not ventilated for two days after grafting. Only when the temperature is higher than 32 °C, ventilation can be started. The third day after grafting, ventilation should begin. First, a small amount of ventilation in the morning and evening, gradually increase the ventilation and lengthen the ventilation time. Spray water before mulching the seedlings. After 8-10 days, enter the normal management of the seedling stage.
Seven, after the survival of management
1. Fertilizer and water management: It is necessary to control water in a timely manner after survival, which is conducive to promoting root development. Under normal circumstances, after first pouring a clean water, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are respectively 15%, 0.15% and 20%, 10%, 20% of the fertilizer, the dilution concentration is between 50-120 cm / kg, both Alternate use. Water and fertilizer should not be too much before delivery, which is convenient for packing and transplanting seedlings.
2. Go to the germination in time: the rootstock grows quickly under high temperature and high humidity environment, affecting the normal growth of watermelon seedlings, so it should be removed in time after survival.
3, refining: 5-7 days before delivery to reduce the temperature of 2-3 ° C, and to control fertilizer.
4. Pest control: It is very important to control pests and diseases after grafting. It is necessary to spray drugs regularly. Seedling diseases mainly include rickets, blight, anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot, downy mildew, etc., 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution, 70% mancozeb 800 times liquid, 75% can be selected. Chlorothalonil 600-800 times solution, 25% metalaxyl 1500 times solution, 64% anti-virus 矾 600-800 times solution, 30% Teflon 3000-5000 times solution, 10% Shigao 2500-3000 times solution, 72 % agricultural streptomycin 4000-5000 times liquid, insecticide bactericide alternately used, spray once every 7-10 days, the control effect is very good.
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