Photovoltaic subsidies should not introduce competition mechanism

Photovoltaic subsidies should not introduce competition mechanism Since the announcement of the domestic photovoltaic installation target of 10GW in 2013 at the National Energy Work Conference at the beginning of the year, the industry has set off a climax of discussions on the subsidy standards and subsidies for photovoltaic power plants. At present, the state subsidizes the implementation of a unified on-grid tariff of 1 yuan per kilowatt-hour for large-scale PV power plants, and will introduce a subsidy standard for distributed photovoltaic power plants at the end of the first quarter. It is widely predicted in the industry that distributed subsidies should be between 0.4-0.6 yuan/kWh. According to the national plan for the simultaneous promotion of large-scale photovoltaic and distributed photovoltaic power plants, the addition of 10 GW of photovoltaic projects this year requires at least national subsidies of more than 1 billion yuan. Together with the 4.5GW “Golden Sun” project and optoelectronic building integration project won by the end of 2012, it is expected that in 2013, the annual PV subsidy funds will exceed 30 billion yuan, of which “Golden Sun” alone will require 24.75 billion yuan. Yuan's fiscal expenditure.

The “300 billion yuan of PV subsidies per year” once again triggered the industry’s discussion on “whether or not the competition mechanism should be introduced in the subsidy standards”.

The promotion mechanism of competition mechanism is not obviously different from the universally implemented unified photovoltaic on-grid tariff in the world. China's subsidies for photovoltaic power plants mainly have three modes, namely, the unified on-grid tariff of large-scale photovoltaic power plants, “Golden Sun” and “photovoltaic integration of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development”. Project subsidies. In 2012, only the above-mentioned three subsidy projects required the Ministry of Finance to support billions of funds every year. The amount of PV subsidy funds was huge, and it was reasonable to discuss the introduction of a competition mechanism.

In fact, as early as 2009, China's first 10 MW Dunhuang Large Scale Photovoltaic Demonstration Power Station project once introduced a competition mechanism in PV subsidies. Although at the time there was a minimum price of 0.69 yuan/kWh in the bid, the result did not follow the principle of “low price among the people”, but adjusted the bid price to 1.09 yuan/kWh.

Wang Haisheng, principal analyst of Minsheng Securities New Energy, said in an interview: “Whether or not to introduce a competition mechanism depends on what the country’s purpose is to do this matter. In fact, in China, both wind power and photovoltaic have experienced several rounds of concession bidding. However, the results of the tendering are not satisfactory. Now, looking back at the tender for the first PV demonstration project in 2009, it will be found that the bid winning price was obviously too low even at this stage. This unreasonable result will promote the development of the photovoltaic industry. The effect is not obvious."

“The development of the photovoltaic industry has brought about a relatively transparent market for product costs and corporate profitability. If the country is vigorously developing the photovoltaic industry, introducing a so-called competitive mechanism into subsidies will undoubtedly force companies to bear lower profitability. This will undoubtedly worsen the current photovoltaic industry and companies," said Wang Haisheng.

Meng Xianji, vice chairman of the Renewable Energy Society, also pointed out that the state's attitude of supporting the photovoltaic industry is very clear, positioning the photovoltaic industry as a strategic emerging industry focused on cultivation. As an industry that needs to be nurtured, the state has the responsibility to spend the necessary costs to support the development of the photovoltaic industry. At the same time, it must allow investors and suppliers a reasonable profit margin before they can truly promote the sustainable and stable development of the photovoltaic industry.

“The state should protect and promote the development of this industry as much as possible. It should strengthen supervision over the control of the 'roads', the allocation of resources, and the solution of the difficulties in connection with the grid, rather than introducing a competition mechanism in subsidies.” said Meng Xianjun. .

The power market is imperfect The high-quality private enterprises are easily squeezed out of the competition mechanism In the mature market environment, the industry can effectively accelerate the “survival of the fittest”, but choosing the right timing is also a crucial factor.

“The introduction of the competition mechanism is a major trend in all fields and will one day be completely market-oriented and competitive,” said Sun Tuo, an industry analyst at Maghwa Energy Power. However, the introduction of a competition mechanism for domestic PV subsidies is still It is too early and the time is not ripe.” Sun Tuo also pointed out that the domestic subsidy policy should play a role in protecting and promoting the photovoltaic industry, rather than accelerating the role of the market in red sea.

“Obviously, the introduction of a competition mechanism in subsidies has advantages and disadvantages for the industry and the enterprises. If a reasonable competition mechanism is adopted, it can effectively promote industry competition, foster a group of enterprises with good product quality and low prices, and make full use of resources effectively. However, the shortcomings are also obvious: First of all, when the market for modern electric power systems is not perfected, blindly introducing competition mechanisms into subsidies will inevitably lead companies to focus more on price wars, neglecting the research and development of product technologies and losing our country. The private enterprises have already obtained the status and discourse power in the field of photovoltaics.In addition, blindly introducing competition mechanisms in subsidies will also exert pressure on the profits of China's private-sector-dominated photovoltaic industry, forcing the country's large subsidies to flow in a small number of state-owned enterprises and repeating the same mistakes. The phenomenon of “advancement of the country by the people” in other industries.” Sun Tuo said, “There will be no shortage of technological leaders among the large number of bankrupted private PV companies, which will cause major losses to the domestic photovoltaic industry.”

Wang Haisheng also emphasized that, from a deeper level, the introduction of a competition mechanism in subsidies will also lead some companies to take risks to withstand short-term losses, use long-term interests in exchange for short-term benefits, and emerge short-term irrational grabs. "This snatch is actually the inversion of short-term interests and long-term interests. At the same time leaving a risk-free arbitrage slog, some PV companies rely only on relations and roads in order to seize subsidized resources. This obviously contradicts the original intention of the state subsidies to promote the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, it is necessary for the country to introduce a reasonable system to restrict the occurrence of these behaviors," said Wang Haisheng.

Subsidies should be based on the premise of improving the efficiency of funds Some experts expressed concern about the low efficiency of the use of funds in PV subsidies, and pointed to the pre-subsidy policy of “Golden Sun”. The expert calculated an account for the reporter. He pointed out that the scale of large-scale photovoltaic power stations built in 2012 was 7 GW. According to the 0.6 yuan/kWh standard, only 4.2 billion yuan was needed for subsidies. However, the 4.5GW “Golden Sun” project approved at the end of 2012 is calculated on the basis of a subsidy standard of RMB 5.5 per watt. This alone will require state subsidies of over RMB 20 billion.

"Is it unbelievable to use 4 billion to 5GW of photovoltaic capacity installed with 20 billion? What's more, the object of the 'Golden Sun' subsidy is a manufacturing company that has not really subsidized green power. The reason is to introduce a competitive mechanism for subsidies. It is also hoped that the standard for subsidies should be standardized and market-oriented, and the amount of subsidies should be decided by the market.” The expert is a supporter of subsidizing the use of competition mechanisms.

However, he emphasized that “when engaging in open and transparent bid bidding, which company requires a subsidy amount to be low, which enterprise will be subsidized, such a procedure goes down. The subsidized enterprises are generally enterprises with strong scientific and technological strength and competitive advantages. It is appropriate for them to do the photovoltaic power generation industry.The government can not only save the cost of a large number of investigations, master the true situation of the photovoltaic power generation industry, but also inhibit a large number of unqualified companies from entering the industry, resulting in financial and social funds. Next, based on the amount of subsidy determined by the bidding method, and combining regional differences across the country, a reasonable subsidy standard will be finally formed to best offset the government's intervention in the distortion of energy prices."

Regarding the introduction of a competition mechanism for photovoltaic subsidies, whether supporters or opponents, the reporter found that everyone's starting point is to stand at the point of promoting the development of the domestic photovoltaic industry and hopes that the country will further increase the utilization rate of photovoltaic subsidy funds. However, it is worth noting that, in the current domestic environment that has yet to establish a modern electric power system, rashly introducing competition mechanisms into subsidies can only force companies to use long-term interests in exchange for short-term benefits, and it will also be a step backward for the entire industry.

Wang Haisheng said that no country in the world has introduced a competition mechanism for photovoltaic subsidies. He said: "China is not the most reasonable area for an electric power system. If it is not abroad, launching it first in China is a great risk, so the rationality of this form is still open to question."

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