Recent studies on major national scientific research highlight that nanotechnology is expected to address the environmental issues caused by excessive pesticide residues from traditional chemical pesticides. According to researchers at the Institute of Circulation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China is the world's largest producer and user of pesticides. Each year, more than 100 types of agricultural pests and diseases occur, with a chemical control area of 7 billion mu annually. The country uses over 2 million tons of pesticides each year, producing more than 3 million tons of pesticides (commonly known as "Orihara drugs"), generating an output value exceeding 200 billion yuan. Pesticides have become a critical material foundation for ensuring agricultural safety and stable production.
However, the proportion of high-efficiency, low-residue pesticides remains low, and high-value-added products are still largely imported. Traditional pesticide formulations suffer from poor dispersibility, sedimentation, low biological activity, and slow degradation. Their utilization rate on target crops is less than 30%, and only about 0.1% of harmful organisms are effectively targeted. This leads to pesticide residues, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and ecological degradation. Therefore, developing green pesticide formulations has become a major strategic need for the country.
Researchers from the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, emphasize that nanotechnology offers a promising solution to reduce pesticide residue pollution. Due to their small size, large surface area, and modifiability, nanomaterials can enhance water-based dispersion, improve stability through encapsulation, enable targeted delivery for higher efficiency, and allow controlled release to extend the application duration. They also help in catalytic degradation, reducing residue levels significantly.
The goal of nanotechnology in this field is to improve the water dispersibility of poorly soluble pesticides, increase bioavailability, enhance leaf adhesion, retention, and coverage, and boost the effective utilization rate while minimizing losses. It also aims to improve the action mechanism of pesticides on target pests, increasing their invasion efficiency and biological activity. Additionally, it accelerates the degradation of pesticide residues, enhancing their environmental behavior and biosafety, thus reducing both agricultural product residues and environmental pollution.
Over the next five years, scientists aim to uncover the mechanisms by which nanomaterials enhance pesticide formulation performance, improve effectiveness and safety, break through theoretical bottlenecks, and establish a high-efficiency, safe, and cost-effective nano-drug delivery system. By doing so, they hope to develop a new model for green nano-pesticides, promoting the growth of the green pesticide industry in China and alleviating the challenges of food residue and environmental pollution.
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