In recent years, significant advancements in national scientific research have highlighted the potential of nanotechnology to address the environmental challenges caused by traditional chemical pesticides. These conventional pesticides often lead to residue levels that exceed safety standards, contributing to pollution and ecological damage. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution by enhancing the performance and safety of pesticide formulations.
According to researchers from the Institute of Circulation at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China is the world's largest producer and user of pesticides. Each year, over 100 types of agricultural pests and diseases occur, with a chemical control area covering 7 billion mu. The annual usage of pesticides exceeds 2 million tons, while the country produces more than 3 million tons of pesticides annually, valued at over 200 billion yuan. Although pesticides are crucial for ensuring agricultural safety and stable production, the proportion of high-efficiency, low-residue agents remains low. High-value pesticides are still largely imported, and traditional formulations suffer from poor dispersibility, sedimentation, low biological activity, and slow degradation. Only less than 30% of the applied pesticide is effectively utilized by target crops, and less than 0.1% reaches harmful organisms. This inefficiency leads to excessive residues, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and ecological degradation.
To tackle these issues, the development of green pesticide formulations has become a national strategic priority. Researchers from the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences emphasize that nanotechnology plays a key role in reducing pesticide residue pollution. Due to their small size, large surface area, and adaptability, nanomaterials can improve water-based dispersion, enhance stability through encapsulation, enable targeted delivery, extend the duration of action, and promote controlled release. Additionally, they can facilitate catalytic degradation, reducing the amount of residual chemicals in the environment.
The goal of nanotechnology in pesticide application is to improve the water solubility of poorly soluble compounds, increase bioavailability, enhance leaf adhesion, retention, and coverage, and boost the overall effectiveness of pesticides. By doing so, it reduces losses and improves the mode of action on target pests, including their invasion pathways and efficiency. It also enhances biological activity and toxicity. Moreover, nanotechnology accelerates the degradation of pesticide residues, improving their environmental behavior and biosafety, which helps reduce both agricultural product residues and environmental contamination.
Over the next five years, scientists aim to uncover the mechanisms by which nanomaterials enhance pesticide formulation performance, improve efficacy and safety, overcome theoretical barriers in formulation design, and establish a high-efficiency, safe, and cost-effective nano-drug delivery system. They also plan to develop a new model for green nano-pesticides, promoting the growth of the green pesticide industry in China and alleviating issues related to food residues and environmental pollution.
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