Hawthorn, along with other herbs such as malt, atractylodes, and tangerine peel, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its digestive and health-promoting properties. It is known for aiding digestion, reducing stagnation, and having antibacterial effects. In the pig farming industry, these herbal ingredients are commonly incorporated into feed to improve growth performance and overall health.
One popular formula includes 20 grams of malt, 10 grams each of hawthorn, atractylodes, tangerine peel, betel nut, and six songs (a traditional blend), along with 8 grams of mutong, 6 grams of chuanxiong, and 6 grams of licorice. This mixture is combined with a small amount of concentrate and fed once daily to all pigs. This formula can increase daily weight gain by approximately 300 grams and improve feed conversion efficiency by about 1 kg of weight gain per kilogram of compound feed.
Another herbal combination for general health and disease prevention includes hawthorn, angelica, poria, nepeta, windproof, clam, alfalfa, bupleurum, atractylodes, betel nut, and licorice—each at 20 grams. Fried malt is added at 30 grams, and the mixture is ground into a fine powder and mixed into feed at a ratio of 0.2% to 0.5%. Feeding this twice a week helps to dispel wind, reduce cold, promote blood circulation, and strengthen the spleen and stomach. It is especially beneficial during colder months, helping pigs grow faster and resist illness.
In veterinary practice, various herbal remedies are used to treat specific conditions. For example, a remedy for piglets suffering from diarrhea includes 15 grams of peony root, 1.5 grams of jiaoshan zhi (a type of hawthorn), and finely ground jianshui cloth. This is given 1–2 times daily.
For constipation, 300 grams of radish is chopped and mixed with 50 grams of jiaoshan zhi. The mixture is boiled in 500 ml of water, then cooled before adding 40 grams of Glauber's salt and 30 grams of rhubarb powder. This is fed to affected pigs 2–3 times to relieve constipation. Another formula for post-castration constipation includes 15 grams of peach kernel, 32 grams of hawthorn, and 25 grams of large belly skin, which is decocted and administered orally.
For injuries, a mixture of 35 grams of jiaoshanshan, 32 grams of malt, 32 grams of divine (angelica), 250 grams of white radish, and 30 grams of rhubarb is prepared as a warm decoction and given once daily. For gastroenteritis, 48 grams each of fried glutinous rice and jiaoshan glutinous rice are decocted and served warm.
For chronic erysipelas in pigs, a formula containing 60 grams of mirabilite, 30 grams of hawthorn, angelica, rhubarb, bupleurum, chenpi, gentiana, fangji, and atractylodes (each 15 grams), along with 10 grams of mutong and licorice, is prepared and taken twice daily.
Postpartum sows can benefit from a formula including 80 grams of hawthorn, 50 grams each of atractylodes, betel nut, magnolia, dried tangerine peel, hemp seed, and yu liren, along with 45 grams each of woody and musk, 40 grams of fragrant and cumin, 30 grams of licorice, and 20 grams of jianshui. This is taken orally in three doses every 8 hours.
For dyspepsia, 50 grams of sugar, 15 grams of hawthorn, and 30 grams of talcum powder are mixed with boiling water and given orally. For blue ear disease, a combination of codonopsis, peony root, red peony root, medlar, plantain, dwarf tea, hibiscus (40 grams each), hawthorn, borax, verbena (30 grams each), artemisia, almond, and licorice (20 grams each) is decocted and administered orally.
These traditional herbal formulations have been widely used in animal husbandry to support pig health, enhance growth, and prevent diseases, showing the value of integrating natural remedies into modern livestock management.
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