Inhalation properties of a pump involve the ability to create suction vacuum and meet the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) requirements. At atmospheric pressure, water boils at 100°C. When heated to this temperature, it starts forming bubbles and vaporizes. However, at high altitudes where air is thin and pressure is low, water can boil at temperatures below 100°C. This shows that water vaporization depends not only on temperature but also on atmospheric pressure. If the atmospheric pressure drops sufficiently, water can even vaporize at room temperature.
From the working principle of a centrifugal pump, we understand that its ability to draw liquid from a lower source relies on the centrifugal force generated by the rotating impeller, creating a relative vacuum at the pump inlet. This vacuum allows the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the liquid to push the fluid through the suction pipe toward the impeller center. Normally, atmospheric pressure is equivalent to about 10.3 meters of water column (assuming sea level). If the impeller’s center were a perfect vacuum without any friction losses in the suction line, the atmospheric pressure could only lift water up to 10.3 meters. Thus, there is a limit to how high a pump can be placed above the liquid source.
The higher the pump is mounted above the liquid, the greater the vacuum required at the inlet, which means the pressure at the impeller’s entrance must be lower to draw in the liquid. However, if the pressure at the pump inlet drops to the vapor pressure of the liquid at its current temperature, the liquid begins to vaporize, forming bubbles. These bubbles travel with the liquid flow into the impeller. As the liquid moves outward due to centrifugal force, the pressure increases, causing the vapor inside the bubbles to condense rapidly. The bubbles collapse suddenly, creating intense localized impacts—known as cavitation.
This collapse generates high-pressure shocks, reaching up to 10–30 MPa in some cases. Over time, these repeated impacts can cause serious damage to the impeller, especially when bubbles stick to the blade surfaces. In practice, this leads to honeycomb-like erosion on the backside of the impeller blades near the inlet. Therefore, pumps should never operate under cavitation conditions, as it significantly reduces efficiency and causes mechanical wear. Understanding and preventing cavitation is essential for maintaining pump performance and longevity.
Aluminum doors are doors with aluminum alloy as the frame and inlaid glass. The following is its relevant introduction:
1. Structural composition
Aluminum alloy frame
The aluminum alloy frame provides a stable support structure for aluminum doors. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of high strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Its profiles can be made into various shapes and sizes according to different design requirements, such as common squares, rectangles, etc., and can be anodized, powder sprayed and other surface treatments to achieve beautiful and durable effects.
Glass part
Glass is an important part of aluminum doors, with functions such as lighting and transparent vision. According to different needs, ordinary transparent glass, frosted glass, tempered glass, hollow glass, etc. can be selected.
Ordinary transparent glass has good light transmittance, but its safety and heat insulation and sound insulation performance are relatively poor. Frosted glass can protect privacy to a certain extent and is suitable for places with certain privacy requirements, such as bathrooms. Tempered glass has high strength, blunt-angle particles after breaking, good safety, and is often used in public places or places with high safety requirements. Hollow glass has better heat insulation and sound insulation performance, and is suitable for places where the indoor environment needs to be kept comfortable.
2. Types
Sliding aluminum door
This type of door uses tracks and pulleys to push and pull the door leaf left and right. Its advantages are space saving and easy operation. It is suitable for places with small space or not suitable for swing door opening, such as partitions between balconies and indoor areas, entrances and exits of small shops, etc. However, the sealing performance of sliding aluminum doors is relatively weak, and it may not be as good as swing doors in terms of sound insulation, heat insulation and preventing dust from entering.
Swing aluminum door
Swing aluminum doors are connected by hinges and can be opened inward or outward. It has good sealing performance and can effectively block dust, rain, noise, etc. from the outside. The safety of swing doors is also high, and they are suitable as entrance doors for residential buildings or partition doors between indoor rooms. However, swing aluminum doors need to occupy a certain space when opened, and have certain requirements for the surrounding space.
3.Advantages
Aesthetics: The transparency of the glass of the aluminum glass door can make the space appear more open and bright, and has a high decorative value.
Strong and durable: The aluminum alloy material has high strength and is not easy to deform, which can ensure the long-term use of the door.
Good sealing: The aluminum glass door can effectively block the dust, noise and temperature changes from the outside.
Corrosion resistance: The aluminum glass door can adapt to different environmental conditions and is not easy to rust.
In commercial places such as shopping malls and office buildings, aluminum glass doors are often used in storefronts, office partitions, etc.; in homes, they are also commonly seen in areas such as balcony doors and kitchen doors.
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