Genetically modified foods have always been the focus of social attention. Some people support it. They believe that genetically modified foods alleviate the food security crisis and are conducive to environmental protection. As long as they are strictly regulated and clearly identified, they can be listed. Some people oppose that although there is no clear evidence for human health and the environment. It is a threat, but it does not mean that it will be safe in the future. It should be banned from listing. It sounds like my in-laws are reasonable.
In fact, the varieties of genetically modified plants on the market today are numerous. The genetically modified soybeans, edible oils made from genetically modified corn, seasonings, etc., have already entered the big and small stores, and have been on the table for the people. Undoubtedly, in the future, we will face more varieties of genetically modified foods. When will you choose?
In the United States, genetically modified salmon, the world's first genetically modified animal for human consumption, has been developed and reviewed through food safety and environmental assessments. It is now on the market, provided that the scientific community has food safety. Sex assessment agreed. As potential consumers, we need to know how genetically modified salmon is transformed. What kind of review has the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) given? Can they be safely eaten? Will it cause harm to the environment and society?
Transgenic salmon growth period is only 16 to 18 months
Ordinary salmon takes 30 months to mature, but the growth period of genetically modified salmon is reduced by nearly half, only 16 to 18 months. This gene provides growth hormone that helps AquaBounty salmon grow into smaller fish faster than normal Atlantic salmon, reducing feed costs and time to market, making inland farmed salmon more profitable.
As early as five years ago, AquaBounty, an American biotechnology company, had already cultivated a "super salmon" that could grow quickly. Regardless of taste, texture, color or smell, genetically modified salmon is exactly the same as ordinary wild salmon. Ordinary salmon takes 30 months to mature, but the growth period of genetically modified salmon is reduced by nearly half, only 16 to 18 months.
The superior growth ability is a major feature of this transgenic salmon. AquaBounty’s technical department has introduced genes from Chinook salmon in normal salmon. This gene is responsible for the synthesis of growth hormone, and it is activated by another gene from Oceanic Cod. The resulting growth hormone and Atlantic salmon's own hormones are identical in chemical composition, except that there are differences in gene regulation. This gene provides growth hormone that helps AquaBounty salmon grow into smaller fish faster than normal Atlantic salmon, reducing feed costs and time to market, making inland farmed salmon more profitable. At present, the vast majority of salmon in the United States comes from marine farms in Canada and other countries.
Traditional salmon farming uses a net shed in the sea, but the company's plan is entirely on land. The fertilized eggs are made in Canada, then transferred to warm Panamanian inland, matured in a tank, shipped to the United States after being processed in Panama. Canada is in North America and Panama is in North and Central America. Although it needs to span multiple latitudes, the profit after the listing of genetically modified salmon is still considerable.
European farmers are worried about huge impact
The world's largest salmon farming company is mainly in Europe, and the rapid growth and large-scale transgenic "super salmon" developed by the United States has caused concern among European farmers. David Schlattermer, an analyst at ABGSundalCollier Investment Bank in Oslo, said: "If genetically modified salmon is popular, it will obviously have a negative impact on existing salmon farming companies."
The world's largest salmon farming company is mainly located in Europe, but nowadays, the fast-growing and large-scale transgenic “super salmon†developed by the United States has caused concern among European farmers. "I don't have 'super giant pigs' in Europe, nor do we have 'super cows' and do not need 'super salmon'," said Gail Isaksen, CEO of Norwegian fish farming company Cermaq.
AquaBounty, a US-based biotech company, has patented genetically modified Atlantic Salmon, which claims to grow at twice the speed of normal salmon. It may be approved by US regulatory agencies as early as the beginning of this year, and the global GM food war will spread to fish products.
The Norwegian deep-water fjord is home to many salmon producing areas. In 2010, it produced 945,000 tons of Atlantic Salmon, which is eight times that of the UK, the second largest producer, and 54 times that of the United States. In 2010, Norwegian salmon producers, led by Cermaq and Marine Harvest, supplied 65% salmon to the global market. In the case of a large increase in demand from the middle class in Asia and Eastern Europe, Norwegian salmon exports have reached a record high of US$5.9 billion. David Schlattermer, an analyst at ABGSundalCollier Investment Bank in Oslo, said: "If genetically modified salmon is popular, it will obviously have a negative impact on existing salmon farming companies."
It is understood that 99% of Atlantic salmon in the United States come from marine artificial breeding fisheries in Canada and other countries. Once the genetically modified salmon is approved for listing, it will reduce the cost of feeding and accelerate the time to market, bringing great changes to the salmon farming industry.
Consumers still focus on security issues
Groups and individuals that support the listing of genetically modified salmon have stated that if humans consume large quantities of genetically modified salmon in the future, it may have a positive effect on the conservation of wild salmon resources. The voice of opposition is also quite real. An online survey by the Washington Post showed that 58% of respondents did not eat genetically modified salmon. A survey conducted by the European Commission during the same period found that 77% of Europeans oppose any form of genetically modified food and even directly refer to genetically modified salmon as "Frankente".
Although many Americans are very "vigilant" about genetically modified animals and require that they be clearly labeled as "genetically modified products" when they are listed, in reality, a large number of genetically modified plants are used in various types of food processing. Researchers who develop genetically modified salmon say that this fish grows faster and better meets the growing food needs of humans.
Groups and individuals that support the listing of genetically modified salmon have stated that if humans consume large quantities of genetically modified salmon in the future, it may have a positive effect on the conservation of wild salmon resources. However, it was also stressed that genetically modified salmon may be extinct due to lack of food due to its huge food intake. Once the U.S. government allows the listing of genetically modified salmon, these big guys will board supermarket counters within two years.
The voice of opposition is also quite real. An online survey by the Washington Post showed that 58% of respondents did not eat genetically modified salmon. A survey conducted by the European Commission during the same period found that 77% of Europeans oppose any form of genetically modified foods. They even directly refer to genetically modified Salmon as Frankenstein, Franken's shorthand for Frankenstein. .
The objections mainly come from two concerns: First, most consumers still have doubts about food safety, and another concern is the concern that GM salmon can harm the safety of wild salmon. Some critics, led by environmental groups, believe that seafood is prone to allergies, and genetically modified salmon may contain dangerous allergens in particular. Moreover, this salmon contains a large amount of auxin, which is ingested by the human body and it is difficult to ensure that it does not induce cancer in the blood circulation. In addition, genetically modified salmon may flow into the ocean and mix with wild salmon. Genetically modified salmon eats more and grows faster. It is bound to take away food from common wild salmon, causing wild salmon to be in crisis or even extinct.
In response, AquaBounty responded that the "super salmon" they cultivated was safe to eat and was good for protecting wild salmon. Because the genetically modified salmon is all female and has three chromosomes in the body (only two salmon are common), plus most of the genetically modified salmon do not have reproductive ability, their probability of mating with wild salmon is very low.
In order to prevent consumers from having "resistance", these artificially improved salmon will not be listed on the market. Therefore, people cannot distinguish them from regular salmon. At present, this newly cultivated salmon has been bred for several generations. No genetic mutation has occurred and its quality has not been adversely affected. Once the “GM Salmon†has been approved for listing, U.S. scientific research institutions will continue to develop new species of GM such as “bovine cows that do not suffer from mad cow disease†and “pigs that can provide healthier baconâ€. At present, Canadian researchers have developed a so-called "green pig": their excreta is less polluting the natural environment.
China has long carried out research on genetically modified fish. On March 20th, 2015 in Nanjing, the "Genetical Symposium" was held. The researcher Fu Hongtuo from the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences introduced the team led by Academician Zhu Zuoyan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was trained in the world in 1985. The first batch of transgenic fish, they injected the growth hormone gene of grass carp into the fertilized eggs of carp, and developed a transgenic carp with a grass carp growth hormone gene. It can grow to 1200 g for 150 days and grows 140% faster than ordinary carp. the above. At present, research institutes in China are also carrying out research on transgenic fish breeding. In the near future, genetically modified fish may also enter the dining table of domestic diners.
US FDA Says Genetically Modified Salmon Is Safe and Environmentally Sound
As to whether there are food safety issues, in 2010, the FDA had stated that the genetically modified salmon "is as safe as traditional salmon and can be quite sure that it will not cause harm through eating." In December 2012, the FDA reissued an assessment report that the likelihood of salmon escaping, breeding, establishing populations, harming Atlantic Salmon or human interests is very low.
As to whether there are food safety issues, in 2010, the FDA had stated that the genetically modified salmon "is as safe as traditional salmon and can be quite sure that it will not cause harm through eating." AquAdvantage salmon has a growth hormone gene from another salmon, but the final fish contains no more growth hormone than normal Atlantic Salmon.
In December 2012, the FDA issued another assessment report. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Administration, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture participated in this draft. The report concluded that even if the genetically modified salmon is likely to escape, breed, establish a population, or harm the interests of Atlantic salmon or humans, the probability is still very low. The preliminary certification of AquaBounty's genetically modified salmon from the US biotech company is not harmful to the environment.
The statement focused on environmental factors: the likelihood of salmon escaping from the breeding base, the possibility of surviving, spreading, breeding, and establishing a population after escape; if all of this happened, it could have an impact on the environment. According to plan, these salmon will be subject to physical, geographical and biological triple isolation: the fish itself is infertile, the breeding base is completely inland, and there are special isolation measures. The details of all isolation methods are described in detail in the assessment. The FDA's conclusion after the assessment was that the likelihood of salmon escaping, breeding, establishing populations, and harming Atlantic Salmon or human interests was very low.
Some opponents believe that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Administration and the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Agency should participate in the assessment. An FDA spokesperson pointed out that both the agencies and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have commented on the draft. The original page 100 also lists other participating agencies.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Authority also pointed out that its comments are only for the current program. If the company is preparing to build more breeding bases, or if there are changes to the breeding program, it will apply to the FDA for approval each time. The FDA vetoed the Marine Shelter plan because escape is inevitable. Source: China Fisheries News
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