Abstract The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed "improving the cooperation between inland and coastal customs clearance, realizing information exchange, supervision and mutual recognition, and mutual legal assistance and mutual assistance" (hereinafter referred to as "three mutuals").
The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Party put forward the important reform measures to promote the cooperation between the inland and coastal areas, and realize the information exchange, supervision and mutual recognition, and law enforcement and mutual assistance of relevant departments of port management (hereinafter referred to as “three mutualâ€). On February 25, the State Council’s communiqué officially published the "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Implementation of the "Three Mutual" Promotion of Large-scale Customs Construction Reform Program (hereinafter referred to as the "Program"). The "Proposal" pointed out the development direction for deepening the construction of port customs clearance, promoting the modernization of the port governance system and governance capacity. In his government work report, Premier Li Keqiang proposed "accelerating interconnection, large customs clearance and international logistics construction", which is of great guiding significance for better implementing the "Program". First, the significance of the "program"
(1) The introduction and implementation of the "Program" will effectively promote the construction of a new open economy system. The reform was promoted by the requirements of the times. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the general secretary has proposed and formed a "four comprehensive" strategic layout, which has put forward higher requirements for China's opening up. Under the new economic normal, while China maintains its position as the largest country in terms of trade in goods for two consecutive years, the traditional foreign trade competitive advantage is gradually weakening, new competitive advantages have not yet been formed, foreign trade is growing steadily, pressure on structural adjustment is increasing, and inland and The development of coastal areas along the border is still not balanced enough, and the degree of openness is still not coordinated enough. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to build a new open economy system. The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to speed up the implementation of a new round of high-level opening up and promote major strategies such as the “Belt and Roadâ€, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Economic Belt. All of these urgently need to optimize and improve the existing customs clearance management system, accelerate the promotion of inland and coastal border customs clearance, and achieve information exchange, supervision and mutual recognition, and mutual legal assistance. The "Program" actively implemented the central strategic decision-making and proposed a series of reform measures, emphasizing that by improving the system and mechanism, promoting cross-departmental and inter-regional customs clearance and promoting the construction of large-scale customs clearance, it will certainly promote a new round of high-level external Open up and accelerate the construction of a new open economy system.
(2) The promulgation and implementation of the "Program" will effectively promote the modernization of the port governance system and governance capacity. The port is the gateway to the country's opening to the outside world, a bridge for foreign exchanges and economic and trade cooperation, and an important barrier for national security. Since the reform and opening up, China has adopted a series of measures to promote the reform of the port management system, promoted the rapid development of ports, and made important contributions to reform and opening up and safeguarding national security. However, the port enforcement system and coordination mechanism are not sound enough, and the problems of many customs clearance, low efficiency and high cost still exist. At the same time, the space-time field of China's national security has expanded more, the internal and external factors are more complicated, and the task of port security control is even more arduous. The "Proposal" adheres to both safety and convenience, strengthens the coordination of legislation and reform, and uses the rule of law and the rule of law to promote the joint administration of the port management departments to decentralize and decentralize, and to combine and control, to ensure that the law is not authorized, and the statutory duties must be Implement law enforcement for the people.
(3) The introduction and implementation of the "Program", in line with development trends and international trends. The WTO Agreement, the Bali Ministerial Declaration and the Decision (the Trade Facilitation Agreement) require Customs of all member countries, including China, to strengthen the cooperation of border agencies and coordinate cross-border procedures by facilitating the construction of “single windowâ€. Trade. The World Customs Organization (WCO) announced that this year's International Customs Day theme is "Coordinated Border Management" (CBM), which aims to require a border management agency covering both international and domestic levels to implement a cooperative approach to governance. The landmark APEC Interconnection Blueprint (2015-2025) document adopted at the 2014 APEC meeting stated that “we are committed to modernizing customs and border management agencies and promoting regulatory development under the government's overall framework, including strengthening supervision. Coordination and communication between standards development and trade authorities." Whether the "plan" is the overall concept planning or the design of specific reform measures, whether it is to strengthen the coordination of relevant departments of port management, or to strengthen international institutional cooperation, it has always run through the core of interconnection and collaborative governance.
Second, the main content of the "program"
The "Program" will reform and deploy the implementation of the "three mutualities" to promote the construction of large customs clearance in 2020. It consists of five parts and 20 sections. The first part is the overall requirements for reform, and the second, third and fourth parts respectively. The specific reform measures are proposed from the three levels of cooperation mechanism, management system and overall environment of the large customs clearance. The fifth part is the reform step arrangement and organization implementation. The series of reforms deployed in the "Programme" are generally "one foothold, three aspects":
A foothold: implement a new round of high-level opening up and accelerate the construction of a new open economy system. The "Proposal" is an important reform in the open field. It aims to promote the modernization of the port governance system and governance capacity. Through the innovation of the general customs clearance management system and mechanism, the functional advantages of the relevant departments of port management and the effectiveness of coordinated governance will be brought into full play. The deployment of an open strategy in the new era.
The three themes: promoting interoperability, promoting large customs clearance, and smoothing the major channels.
First, promote interconnection.
This year marks the beginning of the implementation of the APEC Interconnection Blueprint (2015-2025). In accordance with the long-term goal of fully connecting and integrating Asia-Pacific by 2025, China will vigorously promote the construction of software and hardware, smooth the blood and meridians, and lay the foundation for the future development of the Asia-Pacific region. Intercommunication is common, and it is self-sufficient to achieve new economic growth points and competitive advantages. Interconnection is one of the key links. The Program promotes interconnection from three dimensions: inter-departmental, inter-regional and cross-border, from three aspects: mechanism cooperation, information communication and facility sharing, creating a model for promoting interconnection and cooperation projects, maximizing elimination of obstacles and compression. Cost, increase convenience, and improve efficiency.
- Mechanism cooperation. At the international level, the "Proposal" proposes to strengthen the mechanism cooperation with the national port law enforcement agencies along the "Belt and Road" and promote the international customs "3M" in accordance with the requirements of policy communication, facility connectivity, trade smoothness, capital finance, and people's hearts. Cooperation, as well as multi-bilateral cooperation in inspection and quarantine, certification and accreditation, standard measurement, statistical information, etc., through the establishment of an international coordination mechanism, seeking the "maximum common number" of cooperation between the parties. At the domestic level, the “Proposal†proposes a port management mechanism cooperation with a “single window†as the framework. The “single window†is an important measure for promoting trade facilitation that is universally recognized by all economies in the world. The "Proposal" proposes to build the electronic port into a common port management sharing platform, promote the horizontal connection of the relevant departments of port management, provide public services in accordance with one acceptance and one external scientific model, and enable enterprises to reduce the repeated entry and round-trip of similar data items. . On the basis of the previous pilot, the “single window†will be completed in the coastal ports of the country in 2015, and will cover all ports in the country in 2017.
- Information communication. In recent years, relying on the rapid construction and development of electronic ports, inter-departmental information communication has been effectively promoted, but cross-departmental business collaboration and data sharing still need to be deepened, and comprehensive application performance needs to be improved. Information Unicom is an important foundation for achieving cross-departmental regulatory collaboration. The "Proposal" proposes to rely on the electronic port platform to promote the horizontal interconnection of the operating systems of the relevant departments of the port management, and to realize the reporting information and logistics monitoring information of the inbound and outbound transportation vehicles, goods, articles, personnel, etc. , inspection information, release information, corporate credit information, etc. are fully shared. In 2015, a data sharing and usage management approach will be developed. At the same time, China will also strengthen more rapid and reliable links with other countries (regions) port management related institutions and enterprises, crossing the digital divide.
- Facilities sharing. At present, the construction standards for port supervision facilities are still not uniform, and the repeated construction and waste of resources such as inspection sites, electronic gates, and monitoring facilities exist to some extent, and there is still a great need to promote the sharing of infrastructure with border countries (regions). big space. In accordance with the principles of intensive sharing, convenient access, and favorable supervision, the "Proposal" proposes the implementation of the World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement, promotes the signing of port infrastructure interconnection agreements, and promotes the inspection mode for passengers to go through immigration procedures at the same place. At the same time, it will make overall use of the existing port supervision facilities in the country; carry out unified planning, construction and sharing of the inspection sites of newly established ports; jointly research and develop inspection equipment, and uniformly equip and use the ports as a unit; At the port where personnel clearance is the mainstay, provide sufficient waiting room for entry and exit personnel.
Second, promote the customs clearance.
Datongguan is a working mechanism covering the multi-departmental coordination of ports and the customs clearance of inland coastal areas. It is an important component of serving a new round of high-level opening up. The “Proposal†promotes integrated customs clearance management, promotes coordinated law enforcement, establishes joint security prevention and control mechanisms for port security, and strengthens cross-sectoral collaborative governance and inland coastal customs clearance to maximize the comprehensive effect of reform. The "Proposal" further proposed reform measures to optimize port enforcement resources, carry out inspection mechanism innovation and comprehensive law enforcement pilots, and explore institutional innovation.
- Integrated customs clearance. The level of trade facilitation is an important yardstick for measuring openness. The "Proposal" proposes that the integration of customs clearance is to break through various barriers between departments and regions, strengthen cross-departmental and inter-regional customs clearance, and realize that all customs declarations and inspection and quarantine agencies at the import and export shore of goods or the location of the applicant can handle all customs declarations. For the inspection procedures, the applicant can choose the customs clearance port independently. The "Proposal" also proposed extensive implementation of port-free customs clearance; actively promote the optimization of measures such as passenger self-service channel construction. These reforms will reduce the cost and time of cross-border movement of goods, funds, personnel and other factors to a greater extent, effectively release the vitality of foreign trade and international logistics in inland areas, and effectively promote the level of trade facilitation. In order to thoroughly implement the national regional economic development strategy, the Customs has implemented the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Economic Belt, and Guangdong regional regional customs integration reform, and the quality inspection department has launched the “three links, four releases, five unifications†inspection and quarantine integration reform, the region Interoperability and cooperation, the company's customs clearance is more convenient, the cost is more economical, and the logistics is smoother. The "Proposal" proposes to accelerate the reform of regional customs integration reform and the integration of inspection and quarantine. In 2015, it will cover the whole country, and by 2020, it will effectively establish an inter-departmental and inter-regional inland coastal border crossing cooperation mechanism.
- Collaborative law enforcement. In recent years, the General Administration of Customs and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine have jointly carried out the inspection and cooperation cooperation "one declaration, one inspection, one release", which is a pioneering test in accordance with the concept of coordinated law enforcement. In order to accelerate the promotion of coordinated law enforcement, enhance the level of synergy, and expand the scope of synergy, the "Proposal" proposes to promote the construction of a customs clearance integrity system, achieve comprehensive incentives for trustworthiness, and joint punishment for breach of trust; comprehensively promote "one-stop operation" and promote "joint inspection, once The release of the new customs clearance mode, customs, quality inspection, border inspection, maritime and other departments need to carry out joint inspections when the same transport tools are inspected; need to conduct joint inspections when the same import and export goods are inspected; in travel inspection, postal delivery And the rapid supervision and other aspects of the implementation of the inspection "one machine two screens"; clearly proposed through the territorial management, pre-service, follow-up verification, etc., the non-essential law enforcement operations at the port clearance site will be pushed back and forth, to limit the efficiency of customs clearance The factors are minimized. This will effectively save regulatory resources, reduce duplication of operations, and improve the comfort of the ports of enterprises and inbound and outbound personnel.
- Joint defense joint control. At present, China has become the country with the largest volume of goods trade. A new round of high-level opening up is being promoted, accompanied by smuggling of drugs, cultural relics, illegal publications, endangered animals and plants, foreign garbage, and illegal entry of nuclear, chemical and explosive goods. Such as security threats are also increasing, based on national security and safeguarding national security has become the common responsibility of the relevant departments of port management in the new era. The "Proposal" proposes to establish a normal port security joint working mechanism. Relevant departments jointly carry out intelligence collection and risk analysis and judgment, and at the same time increase investment in hardware such as port security facilities and equipment, improve port supervision and law enforcement mutual assistance mechanism, and promote three-dimensional and systematic Prevention and control measures, strengthen the relevant departments of port management in the prevention and control of terror, respond to sudden, crack down on smuggling, crack down on tax evasion, find out to evade inspection and quarantine, anti-smuggling and stop unsafe products and import and export of counterfeit and shoddy goods, etc. Cooperation.
- Explore institutional innovation. According to the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, "Integrating Law Enforcement Subjects, Relatively Enlarging Law Enforcement, Promoting Comprehensive Law Enforcement" and the spirit of "promoting comprehensive law enforcement and enabling cross-sectoral comprehensive law enforcement in areas where conditions permit" proposed by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee The "Proposal" proposes to optimize port enforcement resources, study and explore the relatively centralized exercise of administrative law enforcement rights and joint law enforcement across departments, and carry out pilots of innovative inspection mechanisms, and carry out comprehensive enforcement of "front-end joint inspection and separate disposal in the background" at qualified ports. In the pilot, the relevant departments of port management shall divide their work according to their responsibilities. In addition to the law enforcement operations with special professional and technical requirements such as waste and dangerous goods, the inspection and import of import and export shore transportation vehicles, goods, articles and personnel shall be carried out, and the illegal acts shall be excused separately. Dispose of.
Third, smooth access to the big channel.
In recent years, China's industrial gradient transfer has been promoted in an orderly manner. Inland areas have taken advantage of cost and resources, and the export-oriented economy has developed rapidly. However, inland areas have objective constraints on international logistics and no short-term open ports. board. Through reforms, accelerating the construction of international logistics channels for Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Europe and other regions will effectively promote the coordinated, open and integrated development of the inland and coastal areas, and help "Made in China" to participate in the international market competition, and also help us seize Opportunities for global industry re-layout.
- Get through the key points. The first is to improve the open layout of the port. The port is a gateway to the outside world and an important node for the international logistics channel. In order to implement the national strategy such as the “Belt and Roadâ€, the “Proposal†proposes to increase support for the opening of ports in inland and border areas. The second is to strengthen the coordination of cross-border supervision work days and working hours, procedures and procedures, explore joint supervision, promote the "one place and two inspections" inspection mode, improve international law enforcement mutual assistance, and reduce the cross-border movement of people, goods, funds and information. Time and cost. Thirdly, on the basis of summarizing Shanghai's domestic and foreign trade with the same ship transportation and national wheel belt pilot, the "solution" breaks the system of "trade barriers" for domestic trade logistics and foreign trade logistics, and expands the domestic and foreign trade with the same ship, national ship and international cargo. Scope to improve the comprehensive performance of transportation resources.
- Smooth the main line. At present, more than 10 international logistics channels have been formed, such as “New Europeâ€, “Yixin Europeâ€, “Rongou†and “Zhengouâ€. China actively coordinates relevant countries to build China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor and plans to build Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economy. Corridors, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, these large channels are cross-regional in China, and there are many countries involved in the international segment. The "Program" revolves around the "One Belt and One Road" and the Yangtze River Economic Belt and other national strategies, starting with the establishment of a corresponding customs clearance management mechanism and other "software", and opening up the "domestic segment" and the "international segment". In the domestic section, efforts are made to smooth multimodal transport, and build multimodal transport logistics supervision centers in water transport, air transport, railways, highways and other transportation hubs. For multimodal transport, in addition to quarantine and inspection of goods, transport vehicles and packaging containers at ports In addition, the implementation of multi-modal transport once declared, the designated place of transport (outbound), the direct release of the replacement site does not change the state of the seal, and actively support the development of Jianghai, Tiehai, Luhang and other multimodal transport. In the international section, at present, China has signed and revised bilateral border crossings and management system agreements with 11 neighboring countries and regions, and established port cooperation and exchange mechanisms with Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries. The “Green Passage†for the rapid clearance of agricultural products at the port of Habaktu, the “Engzhi Trade†of the Central European Customs, and the mutual recognition of AEO have developed well. The "Proposal" proposes to continue to smooth the construction of large-channel, drive the "compatibility" of customs clearance management measures along the country, reduce "obstruction", and achieve logistics speed.
- Expand the radiation surface. The "Plan" focuses on the transformation of the multiplier effect through logistics, radiation, trade, investment, finance, and trade, and proposes to accelerate the innovation and replication of the regulatory system of the Free Trade Zone (Hong Kong) and Customs. For the pilot system innovation measures, according to the satisfaction of relevant conditions, the establishment of a "free trade park (port) area - customs special supervision area - outside the district" hierarchical replication promotion mechanism to promote all-round expansion. The State Council has decided to complete 28 systems innovation promotion and reproduction in the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone before June 30 this year; copy and promote futures bonded delivery, domestic and overseas maintenance, financial leasing, pre-inspection of imported goods, animals and plants and other special customs supervision areas in the country. Institutional innovations such as negative list of product quarantine approval. At the same time, the "Proposal" proposes to speed up the improvement of the policy and supervision mode that is compatible with the development of the Free Trade Zone (Hong Kong) District and the Customs Special Supervision Zone in the new era. At present, according to the central government deployment, the construction plans for the Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian Pilot Free Trade Zones are underway. The introduction of these reforms will definitely further benefit regional logistics and international logistics.
Third, the organization and implementation of the "program"
In the schedule of the implementation of the reform project, the “Program†has been deployed in the near, medium and long term, and some reforms, such as the immediate maturity of the dividends, the relatively mature measures, and the immediate start of the relevant departments of the port management, will be arranged in the near future; Some reform projects involving a wide range of issues, requiring multiple parties to coordinate and cooperate, and promote implementation, such as cross-sectoral comprehensive law enforcement, are arranged in the medium and long term to ensure the orderly advancement of reform implementation. Before the end of 2015, a “single window†will be established at various ports along the coast to formulate data sharing and use management methods for member units of the National Electronic Port Construction Coordination Steering Committee, and accelerate the nationwide reform of regional customs clearance integration and integration of inspection and quarantine. The Zhuhai-Macao port and the conditional ports respectively carry out pilot reforms of the inspection mechanism innovation and comprehensive law enforcement. Before the end of 2017, comprehensive reforms such as “single windowâ€, “one-stop operationâ€, integration of port supervision facilities and resources, and push-and-post operation of port operations will be fully implemented within the national port. At the same time, the relevant laws and regulations on port management will be revised and improved. A good legal guarantee for relevant reforms. By 2020, we will effectively establish an inter-departmental and inter-regional inland coastal border customs clearance mechanism to form a management system that is both in line with China's national conditions and internationally competitive.
On the promotion of the implementation of the reform project, the "Proposal" proposed to give full play to the coordination role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting of the State Council's port work, coordinate and resolve major cross-sectoral issues in the implementation of reforms, and ensure that all reform tasks are smoothly carried out and completed on time. All departments are required to work together to promote the implementation of relevant reform measures. At the same time, it is emphasized that the people's governments at all levels should establish and improve the coordination and guarantee mechanism for the construction of large-scale customs, and assume corresponding work responsibilities.
Chen Xudong, spokesperson of the General Administration of Customs, said that the General Administration of Customs will resolutely implement the central decision-making arrangements, strengthen organizational leadership, improve the working mechanism, and promote the implementation of the key, step-by-step and orderly implementation of the national customs. At the same time, as the lead department for implementing the “three mutualities†to promote the reform of the large-scale customs construction, the Customs will take the initiative to strengthen the liaison with the relevant ministries and local governments of the central government, and work together to promote the reform and deployment of the “Programâ€, especially Key reforms of “single window†construction, “one-stop operation†and integrated customs clearance for international trade, such as the key reforms with iconic and related functions, will be concentrated and implemented, and the dividends of the “Program†will be released as soon as possible. The majority of enterprises and the people have more sense of gaining.
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