Fertilizer rule
Rice is one of the crops that require more fertilizer. Generally, every 100 kg of rice produced requires nitrogen (N) 1.6-2.5 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.8-1.2 kg, and potassium (K2O) 2.1-3.0 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ratio of fertilizer required is approximately 2:1:3. The uptake of nitrogen by rice reached a peak during the tillering stage and heading stage. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of starch, and the yield of starch is positively correlated with the size of rice kernel, the level of yield, and the quality of rice. If the supply of nitrogen before heading is insufficient, it will result in reduced nutrient nutrition, insufficient grouting and reduced rice quality. The absorption of phosphorus in rice has little difference in growth period, and the period of maximum absorption is from tillering to early panicle differentiation. Phosphate fertilizer can promote root development and nutrient absorption, enhance tillering, increase starch synthesis, and promote grain filling. The absorption of potassium by rice is mainly from panicle differentiation to heading and flowering stage, followed by tillering to panicle differentiation. Potassium is an essential nutrient for the synthesis of starch and cellulose and transportation in vivo. It can improve the vitality of roots, delay the senescence of leaves, and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. In addition, the micro-fertilizers of silicon and zinc have a great influence on the yield and quality of rice. Rice stems and leaves contain 10% to 20% of silica. Application of silicon fertilizer can enhance rice resistance to disease and insect pests and lodging resistance, increase yield and improve rice quality; zinc fertilizer can increase rice effective ear The number, the number of grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 grains, etc., reduce the openness rate and increase the yield, and the effect on the calcareous soil is obvious. The application of silicon and zinc fertilizers is more obvious in newly reformed paddy fields, acid soils, and cold soaked fields.
Fertilization technology
Putian fertilization Rice breeding has many forms such as water breeding, moist breeding, dry breeding, plastic film insulation and breeding, two-stage breeding, plastic floppy disk raising and so on. Putian base fertilizer should be re-applied with high-quality organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has long fertilizer efficiency and full nutrients, and contains a lot of nutrients necessary for rice growth. The organic fertilizer has high adhesion, adsorption and substitution, and has the functions of increasing soil aggregate structure, improving soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and is a good soil improver. Generally, 500-1000 kg per mu is applied, and 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre, 8 to 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7 to 8 kg of potassium chloride or 20 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu are used to achieve uniform fertilizer supply. The purpose is to promote the seedlings and seedlings. 4 to 5 days before transplanting, 6 to 7 kg of urea per acre or 8 to 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer should be used as a nutrient fertilizer to return to green as soon as possible after transplanting, and restore growth.
Applying the base fertilizer to Datian Base fertilizer should also pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer, generally 2000-3000 kg per mu. Similarly, the application of chemical fertilizers should not be neglected. The rice does not absorb nitrate nitrogen in the early stage. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer is better with ammonium nitrogen. Generally, 7-8 kg of urea, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, and 8-10 of potassium chloride are applied per mu. Apply kilograms or mu of compound fertilizer (15%-15%-15%) 30-40 kg, and add 6-8 kg of silicon fertilizer per acre and 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate. The Datian base fertilizer should be applied in combination with the cultivated paddy field before transplanting, and should be applied to the soil of 12-20 cm deep to keep the ammonium stable in the oxygen-free environment and prevent loss.
Topdressing (1) Early application of manure. After transplanting and returning to green, the tiller fertilizer is applied early to promote the growth of low-node tillers and to increase the panicle. The split fertilizer is generally applied twice. After the first time, after the greening, the urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 7-8 kg, and the appropriate amount of calcium sulfate and zinc sulfate is used to promote the sputum; the second time is at the peak of the tillering period. Apply 7-8 kg of urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to ensure that the whole field grows neatly and plays a role in protecting the ears.
(2) skillfully apply panicle fertilizer. When the second leaf of rice begins to leave leaves, when the young ear is about 1 cm long, it is the basic period of ear formation and grain development, and the effective tiller should be controlled. At this time, it can apply 8-12 kg of urea per acre or 10-15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to ensure sufficient nutrients in the medium to turn to reproductive growth, increase the number of spikelets, prevent the degradation of spikelets, promote the weight of spikes, and have roots. , healthy leaves, strong stalks, anti-lost effect. Small plots of small plots can be applied early to the stage of panicle differentiation.
(3) Replenishing granular fertilizer. From heading to maturity, to increase the seed setting rate, ensure full maturity, and increase 1000-grain weight. Topdressing depends on the growth of rice, should be less or less, generally spraying 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre 50 to 60 kg; after the occurrence of zinc deficiency symptoms, spraying 0.1% to 0.3% per acre The zinc sulphate solution is 50-60 kg; for the chloroplast-yellow plots before the heading, it can be applied with 3 to 4 kg of urea or 4 to 5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. Replenishing granular fertilizer can effectively enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of plants; prolong the functional period of leaves, prevent premature aging; improve the supply of oxygen in roots of rice, improve root activity; accelerate grouting, promote maturity and fullness of grain, thereby increasing rice yield, Improve rice quality. It should be noted that in the early stage, the fertilizers in the early stage, the excessive distribution in the middle stage, the green color in the leaves, the light potential difference between the groups, and the trend of the late green and late maturity should not be pursued.
In addition, saline-alkali soil should be drained and washed before fertilization. 3 to 4 days before fertilization, pay attention to daytime irrigation and night drainage to prevent temporary salt accumulation from affecting fertilizer performance.
Rice is one of the crops that require more fertilizer. Generally, every 100 kg of rice produced requires nitrogen (N) 1.6-2.5 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.8-1.2 kg, and potassium (K2O) 2.1-3.0 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ratio of fertilizer required is approximately 2:1:3. The uptake of nitrogen by rice reached a peak during the tillering stage and heading stage. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of starch, and the yield of starch is positively correlated with the size of rice kernel, the level of yield, and the quality of rice. If the supply of nitrogen before heading is insufficient, it will result in reduced nutrient nutrition, insufficient grouting and reduced rice quality. The absorption of phosphorus in rice has little difference in growth period, and the period of maximum absorption is from tillering to early panicle differentiation. Phosphate fertilizer can promote root development and nutrient absorption, enhance tillering, increase starch synthesis, and promote grain filling. The absorption of potassium by rice is mainly from panicle differentiation to heading and flowering stage, followed by tillering to panicle differentiation. Potassium is an essential nutrient for the synthesis of starch and cellulose and transportation in vivo. It can improve the vitality of roots, delay the senescence of leaves, and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. In addition, the micro-fertilizers of silicon and zinc have a great influence on the yield and quality of rice. Rice stems and leaves contain 10% to 20% of silica. Application of silicon fertilizer can enhance rice resistance to disease and insect pests and lodging resistance, increase yield and improve rice quality; zinc fertilizer can increase rice effective ear The number, the number of grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 grains, etc., reduce the openness rate and increase the yield, and the effect on the calcareous soil is obvious. The application of silicon and zinc fertilizers is more obvious in newly reformed paddy fields, acid soils, and cold soaked fields.
Fertilization technology
Putian fertilization Rice breeding has many forms such as water breeding, moist breeding, dry breeding, plastic film insulation and breeding, two-stage breeding, plastic floppy disk raising and so on. Putian base fertilizer should be re-applied with high-quality organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has long fertilizer efficiency and full nutrients, and contains a lot of nutrients necessary for rice growth. The organic fertilizer has high adhesion, adsorption and substitution, and has the functions of increasing soil aggregate structure, improving soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and is a good soil improver. Generally, 500-1000 kg per mu is applied, and 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre, 8 to 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7 to 8 kg of potassium chloride or 20 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu are used to achieve uniform fertilizer supply. The purpose is to promote the seedlings and seedlings. 4 to 5 days before transplanting, 6 to 7 kg of urea per acre or 8 to 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer should be used as a nutrient fertilizer to return to green as soon as possible after transplanting, and restore growth.
Applying the base fertilizer to Datian Base fertilizer should also pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer, generally 2000-3000 kg per mu. Similarly, the application of chemical fertilizers should not be neglected. The rice does not absorb nitrate nitrogen in the early stage. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer is better with ammonium nitrogen. Generally, 7-8 kg of urea, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, and 8-10 of potassium chloride are applied per mu. Apply kilograms or mu of compound fertilizer (15%-15%-15%) 30-40 kg, and add 6-8 kg of silicon fertilizer per acre and 1~1.5 kg of zinc sulfate. The Datian base fertilizer should be applied in combination with the cultivated paddy field before transplanting, and should be applied to the soil of 12-20 cm deep to keep the ammonium stable in the oxygen-free environment and prevent loss.
Topdressing (1) Early application of manure. After transplanting and returning to green, the tiller fertilizer is applied early to promote the growth of low-node tillers and to increase the panicle. The split fertilizer is generally applied twice. After the first time, after the greening, the urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 7-8 kg, and the appropriate amount of calcium sulfate and zinc sulfate is used to promote the sputum; the second time is at the peak of the tillering period. Apply 7-8 kg of urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to ensure that the whole field grows neatly and plays a role in protecting the ears.
(2) skillfully apply panicle fertilizer. When the second leaf of rice begins to leave leaves, when the young ear is about 1 cm long, it is the basic period of ear formation and grain development, and the effective tiller should be controlled. At this time, it can apply 8-12 kg of urea per acre or 10-15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to ensure sufficient nutrients in the medium to turn to reproductive growth, increase the number of spikelets, prevent the degradation of spikelets, promote the weight of spikes, and have roots. , healthy leaves, strong stalks, anti-lost effect. Small plots of small plots can be applied early to the stage of panicle differentiation.
(3) Replenishing granular fertilizer. From heading to maturity, to increase the seed setting rate, ensure full maturity, and increase 1000-grain weight. Topdressing depends on the growth of rice, should be less or less, generally spraying 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre 50 to 60 kg; after the occurrence of zinc deficiency symptoms, spraying 0.1% to 0.3% per acre The zinc sulphate solution is 50-60 kg; for the chloroplast-yellow plots before the heading, it can be applied with 3 to 4 kg of urea or 4 to 5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. Replenishing granular fertilizer can effectively enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of plants; prolong the functional period of leaves, prevent premature aging; improve the supply of oxygen in roots of rice, improve root activity; accelerate grouting, promote maturity and fullness of grain, thereby increasing rice yield, Improve rice quality. It should be noted that in the early stage, the fertilizers in the early stage, the excessive distribution in the middle stage, the green color in the leaves, the light potential difference between the groups, and the trend of the late green and late maturity should not be pursued.
In addition, saline-alkali soil should be drained and washed before fertilization. 3 to 4 days before fertilization, pay attention to daytime irrigation and night drainage to prevent temporary salt accumulation from affecting fertilizer performance.
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