Foreign laser processing equipment and processes have developed rapidly. Now we have 100kW high-power CO 2 lasers, kW-class high beam quality Nd:YAG solid-state lasers, and some can be equipped with optical fibers for multi-station and long-distance work. Laser processing equipment has high power and high degree of automation. CNC control and multi-coordinate linkage have been widely used, and auxiliary systems such as laser power monitoring, auto focus, and industrial TV display are installed.
The minimum aperture of the laser hole has reached 0.002mm. The automatic six-axis laser hole-making equipment has been successfully applied to process the aero-engine turbine blades and the combustion chamber film holes, achieving the effect of no recast layer and no microcrack.
Laser cutting is suitable for parts made of heat resistant alloys, titanium alloys, composite materials. At present, the cutting speed of thin materials can reach 15m/min, the slits are narrow, generally between 0.1 and 1mm, the heat affected zone is only 10% to 20% of the slit width, and the maximum cutting thickness can reach 45mm. It has been widely used in aircraft three-dimensional. Skins, frames, ship hull shelves, helicopter rotors, engine combustion chambers, etc.
Laser welded sheets are quite common and are mostly used in the automotive, aerospace and instrumentation industries. Laser micro-welding technology has become an important means of micro-connection of micro-package junctions in avionics and high-precision mechanical equipment.
Laser surface strengthening, surface remelting, alloying, and amorphization technologies are becoming more and more widely used. The application of laser micromachining in electronics, biology, and medical engineering has become an irreplaceable special processing technology.
Laser rapid prototyping technology has evolved from research and development to practical application, and has shown broad application prospects.
The application research of laser processing has begun in the early 1970s, but the development speed is slow. Although there are certain applications in laser hole making, laser heat treatment, welding, etc., the quality is unstable. At present, a solid-state laser processing system with optical fiber transmission has been developed, and synchronous welding of fiber-coupled three-beam and laser welding of quartz watch core are realized. The laser sintering rapid prototyping prototype was developed, and epoxy powder and resin sand sintered powder materials were used to rapidly form typical parts such as impellers and gears.
In the next few years, laser processing technology should combine the pre-research results obtained, and focus on laser processing and real-time prosecution technology for non-defective film pores, laser welding technology for high-strength aluminum (including aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium) alloys. Research on laser powder sintering rapid prototyping technology for metal parts, laser precision machining and laser shock strengthening of important components. Realizing the defect-free processing of the high-temperature turbine engine film hole, the service life of the blade can reach 2000 hours or more; the welding replaces the secondary bearing component of the CNC machining plane, and the welding of the ribbed wall plate; the surface strengthening of the important components is realized. Improve safety, reliability, etc., so that advanced laser manufacturing technology can play a greater role in the military industry.
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