The video surveillance systems currently in use at Chinese ports are primarily composed of cameras, optical fibers, matrix switches, digital video recorders (DVRs), and video walls. However, due to the large volume of video footage and repetitive content, these systems often operate in an unattended manner, even with on-duty personnel. When incidents occur, retrieving and analyzing video from the DVR becomes one of the system’s most valuable functions. Despite human presence, the limitations of human attention make it difficult to monitor multiple channels for extended periods, which can lead to missed suspicious events or incorrect safety assessments.
Intelligent video surveillance technology is essentially a computer-assisted monitoring solution. Modern computers offer high reliability, enabling 24/7 operation and reducing errors caused by human fatigue. It also minimizes the risk of internal collusion among staff. Although intelligent systems cannot fully replace human judgment—such as identifying alarm causes and deciding on responses—they significantly reduce workload and improve monitoring efficiency. Compared to traditional systems, they enhance security by detecting or even preventing crimes, making them especially important for critical infrastructure like ports.
**Functions of Intelligent Video Analysis and Its Application in Ports**
Domestic ports require robust video surveillance systems for theft prevention, production safety, and anti-terrorism. Scenarios such as securing valuable goods and monitoring key areas are typical applications. Since China ratified the Sonus Convention, all U.S.-bound ports must meet strict security standards. Additionally, given their economic importance, anti-terrorism measures have become a top priority for major domestic ports.
**Main Functions of Intelligent Video Analysis Systems**
1. **Image Acquisition & Interface**: Most intelligent video analysis algorithms work with non-compressed formats like RGB or YUV, so images are sent directly to the analysis unit without compression. Existing systems often include BNC inputs for analog signals, and compressed streams can be decompressed before analysis.
2. **Moving Object Detection**: This involves identifying changes in the image that represent moving objects. However, not all changes are relevant—such as camera noise, lighting variations, or environmental factors like shadows and reflections. Advanced algorithms, including background modeling and optical flow methods, help reduce false alarms.
3. **Multi-Object Tracking**: This function links objects across frames over time. While effective tracking in complex environments remains challenging, ongoing technological development is improving accuracy.
4. **Behavioral Analysis**: This includes classifying objects, detecting unauthorized entry, identifying abandoned items, tracking missing objects, counting people, measuring crowd density, and detecting falls. These features enhance situational awareness and response capabilities.
5. **Alarm Setup**: Intelligent systems allow for setting conditions based on location, time, object type, movement direction, speed, and behavior, greatly expanding monitoring possibilities.
6. **Alarm Integration**: Once an anomaly is detected, the system may trigger alerts via voice, pop-up images, SMS, or screenshots to notify operators promptly.
**Special Needs of Port Environments**
Ports face unique challenges, such as vast coverage areas, camera shake due to wind, and reflective surfaces on water. These issues require tailored solutions to avoid false alarms and ensure reliable performance.
**Technology Development Trends**
Intelligent video analytics is still in its early stages, both technologically and commercially. While foreign markets have broader applications, the domestic market relies more on integrated systems. In the long run, the shift toward intelligent systems is gaining recognition. For port operators, choosing the right time to adopt this technology is crucial to balancing security needs, user satisfaction, and technical maturity.
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