Bulbous bulbs are nearly spherical in shape, reaching a height of about 3.5 cm and a diameter of 4–8 cm. The scales are broadly ovate, measuring 2.5–3 cm in length and 1.4–2.5 cm in width, and they are white in color. The stem can grow up to 0.8–1.5 m tall, featuring purple stripes and white wool. This plant is commonly found growing under shrubs on hillsides, in grasslands, along roadsides, or near water bodies, typically at elevations between 400 and 2,500 meters. It is native to several provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Jilin. It is widely cultivated and also grows naturally in Japan and North Korea.
Dandelion prefers a slightly cool and dry climate with strong shade tolerance. It is cold-resistant and thrives best at temperatures between 15°C and 25°C. It can withstand drought but does not tolerate excessive heat or heavy rainfall. As a long-day plant, it requires ample sunlight during its early growth and mid-growth stages. For optimal growth, it should be planted in well-drained, loose, and fertile sandy soil with deep layers. Avoid planting in low-lying, wet areas. To maintain soil health, avoid continuous cropping and consider rotating with legumes or grass crops.
Tiger Cultivation Techniques
This plant can be propagated through both asexual and sexual methods. In commercial production, the most common techniques include using scales, small bulbs, and bead buds. Scale propagation involves harvesting bulbs in autumn, removing the inner scales, and soaking large scales in a 1:500 solution of benomyl or captan for 30 minutes. After drying in the shade, the base of the scales is inserted into a seedbed. They are then dug up in September of the following year and transplanted at a spacing of 15 cm by 6 cm. These plants can be harvested after 2–3 years of cultivation. Alternatively, box propagation can also be used. Small bulb propagation involves sowing the small bulbs at the same spacing and harvesting them after two years. Bead bud propagation involves collecting pearl buds in summer, mixing them with moist sand, and storing them in a cool, ventilated area. They are then planted in a seedbed from August to September. After the second year, when the above-ground parts wither, the bulbs are harvested. Seeds are sown at a distance of 20 cm by 10 cm, and the plants are harvested in the third autumn. The younger ones can be further cultivated for another year.
Management of Dandelion
Once the seedlings emerge and during May, regular weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out. Top dressing with organic manure, oil cake, ash, and superphosphate is recommended. Foliar feeding with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be applied. In the second half of May, it's important to remove the bead buds. During June and July, stems should be pruned promptly. During the hot and rainy summer season, proper drainage must be ensured to prevent waterlogging.
Pest and Disease Control
The dandelion is susceptible to viral diseases, so it's essential to use disease-free bulbs for propagation and control aphids, which are vectors of infection. Blight disease can be prevented by avoiding continuous cropping and ensuring good drainage. If diseased plants are detected, they should be removed immediately, and the area should be disinfected with lime. Common pests include aphids, which can be controlled by spraying a 1000-fold dilution of 50% malathion.
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