High speed tool steel

High-speed tool steel grades, chemical composition, and main purposes High-speed tool steels are a type of alloy steel used in the manufacture of cutting tools that retain their hardness at high temperatures. These materials are known for their excellent wear resistance, high hardness, and good thermal stability. Below is a detailed overview of different high-speed tool steel grades, their chemical compositions, and applications.

Brand	Chemical composition (mass fraction) (%)
C	Mn	Si	Cr	V	W	Mo	Co
W18Cr4V	0.70–0.80	0.10–0.40	0.20–0.40	3.80–4.40	1.00–1.40	17.50–19.00	≤0.30	-
W18Cr4VC05	0.70–0.80	0.10–0.40	0.20–0.40	3.75–4.50	0.80–1.20	17.50–19.00	0.40–1.00	4.25–5.75
W18Cr4V2Co8	0.75–0.85	0.20–0.40	0.20–0.40	3.75–5.00	1.80–2.40	17.50–19.00	0.50–1.25	7.00–9.50
W12Cr4V5Co5	1.50–1.60	0.15–0.40	0.15–0.40	3.75–5.00	4.50–5.25	11.75–13.00	≤1.00	4.75–5.25
W6Mo5Cr4V2	0.80–0.90	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.45	3.80–4.40	1.75–2.20	5.50–6.75	4.50–5.50	-
CW6Mo5Cr4V2	0.95–1.05	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.45	3.80–4.40	1.75–2.20	5.50–6.75	4.50–5.50	-
W6Mo5Cr4V3	1.00–1.10	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.45	3.75–4.50	2.25–2.75	5.00–6.75	4.75–6.50	-
CW6Mo5Cr4V3	1.15–1.25	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.45	3.75–4.50	2.75–3.25	5.00–6.75	4.75–6.50	-
W2Mo9Cr4V2	0.97–1.05	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.55	3.50–4.00	1.75–2.25	1.40–2.10	8.2–9.20	-
W6Mo5Cr4V2Co5	0.80–0.90	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.45	3.75–4.50	1.75–2.25	5.50–6.50	4.50–5.50	4.50–5.50
W7Mo4Cr4V2Co5	1.05–1.15	0.20–0.60	0.15–0.50	3.75–4.50	1.75–2.25	6.25–7.00	3.25–4.25	4.75–5.75
W2Mo9Cr4VC08	1.05–1.15	0.15–0.40	0.15–0.65	3.50–4.25	0.95–1.35	1.15–1.85	9.00–10.00	7.75–8.75
W9Mo3Cr4V	0.77–0.87	0.20–0.40	0.20–0.40	3.80–4.40	1.30–1.70	8.50–9.50	2.70–3.30	-
W6Mo5Cr4V2Al	1.05–1.20	0.15–0.40	0.20–0.60	3.80–4.40	1.75–2.20	5.50–6.75	4.50–5.50	Al: 0.80–1.20

**Note:** 1. Phosphorus and sulfur contents in all grades are not more than 0.030%. 2. Residual copper content in the steel is not more than 0.25%, and residual nickel content is not more than 0.30%. 3. All the above contents refer to mass fraction. --- ### High-speed Tool Steel Hardness

Brand	Delivery hardness HBS ≤	Sample heat treatment system and quenching and tempering hardness
	Other processing methods	Annealing	Preheating temperature / °C	Quenching temperature / °C	Quenching agent	Tempering temperature / °C	HRC ≥
Salt bath furnace	Box furnace
W18Cr4V	269	255	820–870	1270–1285	Oil	550–570	63
W18Cr4VCo5	285	269	820–870	1270–1290	Oil	540–560	63
W18Cr4V2Co8	302	285	820–870	1270–1290	Oil	540–560	63
W12Cr4V5Co5	293	277	820–870	1220–1240	Oil	530–550	65
W6Mo5Cr4V2	262	255	730–840	1210–1230	Oil	540–560	63 (box furnace)
64 (salt bath furnace)
CW6Mo5Cr4V2	269	255	730–840	1190–1210	Oil	540–560	65
W6Mo5Cr4V3	269	255	730–840	1190–1210	Oil	540–560	64
W18Cr4V	269	255	820–870	1270–1285	Oil	550–570	63
CW6Mo5Cr4V3	269	255	730–840	1190–1210	Oil	540–560	64
W2Mo9Cr4V2	269	255	730–840	1190–1210	Oil	540–560	65
W6Mo5Cr4V2Co5	285	269	730–840	1190–1210	Oil	540–560	64
W7Mo4Cr4V2Co5	285	269	730–840	1180–1200	Oil	530–550	66
W2Mo9Cr4VC08	285	269	730–840	1170–1190	Oil	530–550	66
W9Mo3Cr4V	269	255	820–870	1210–1230	Oil	540–560	63 (box furnace)
64 (salt furnace)
W6Mo5Cr4V2Al	285	269	820–870	1230–1240	Oil	540–560	65

**Note:** When tempering at 550–570°C, temper twice, each time for 1 hour; when tempering at 540–560°C, temper twice, each time for 2 hours; when tempering below 530–550°C, temper three times, each time for 2 hours. --- ### Characteristics and Applications of High-speed Tool Steel

Brand	Main characteristics	Application examples
W18Cr4V	Good red hardness, retains high hardness even at 600°C, easy to grind, low sensitivity to overheating. However, due to coarse carbides, it's not suitable for thin blades or large cutters.	Used in turning tools, milling cutters, broaches, gear cutters, taps, cold working dies, and high-temperature resistant parts.
W18Cr4VC05	Contains cobalt, has high red hardness, wear resistance, and surface hardness up to 64–66 HRC.	Used in high-speed cutting tools like hobs, turning tools, and automated machine tools.
W18Cr4V2Co8	Higher red hardness and wear resistance than W18Cr4VC05, but lower toughness. Surface hardness can reach 64–66 HRC.	Used in high-hardness, high-force cutting tools such as milling cutters and hobs.
W12Cr4V5Co5	High carbon and vanadium content with cobalt, offers better wear resistance, red hardness, and long working life.	Appropriate for difficult-to-machine materials like high-strength steel and cast alloys.
W6Mo5Cr4V2	Good red hardness and toughness, cost-effective, widely used after W18Cr4V.	Used in drills, taps, dies, milling cutters, and cold work dies.
CW6Mo5Cr4V2	Better surface hardness, heat resistance, and wear resistance compared to W6Mo5Cr4V2, but lower strength and impact toughness.	Used in broaches, reamers, and hobs.
W6Mo5Cr4V3	Fine carbide distribution, good plasticity, and wear resistance, but poor grindability and prone to oxidation.	Used in general-purpose tools like turning tools, taps, and forming cutters.
CW6Mo5Cr4V3	Higher carbon and vanadium content than W6Mo5Cr4V3, offering better wear resistance.	Same application as W6Mo5Cr4V3.
W2Mo9Cr4V2	High toughness, good grindability, and wear resistance, suitable for general materials.	Used in milling cutters, forming tools, taps, saw blades, and cold stamping dies.
W6Mo5Cr4V2Co5	Good red hardness, wear resistance, and machinability, but lower strength and impact toughness.	Used in cutting hard materials like gear cutters and punches.
W7Mo4Cr4V2Co5	Improved red hardness and wear resistance by adding 5% cobalt.	Used in gear cutters, milling cutters, and punches for hard materials.
W2Mo9Cr4VC08	High carbon and cobalt content, excellent sharpness and high-temperature performance.	Used in precision tools like broaches, special drills, and inserts for difficult alloys.
W9Mo3Cr4V	Universal high-speed steel with good versatility, lower cost than W6Mo5Cr4V2.	Used in high-speed cutting tools and hot/cold molds.
W6Mo5Cr4V2Al	High heat resistance, wear resistance, and long service life, suitable for difficult-to-machine materials.	Used in turning tools, boring tools, milling cutters, and broaches.

**Source:** [http://news.chinawj.com.cn](http://news.chinawj.com.cn) **Editor:** Hardware Business Network Information Center

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