**1. LED Color Discrepancy Issues**
Although a single LED usually doesn't show noticeable color differences, problems become more apparent when multiple LEDs are used together or in a single lamp with several LEDs. Even though manufacturers like LUXEON categorize LEDs into eight color temperature zones and further divide them into smaller groups to minimize variation, there are still subtle differences within the same group. These minor discrepancies can be easily detected by the human eye, especially under certain lighting conditions.
**2. Insulation Challenges with LEDs**
Insulation refers to the isolation between the positive and negative terminals of an LED, typically achieved using a heat-dissipating substrate. While we may not have been the first to identify this issue, major manufacturers were initially skeptical. To date, no fundamental solution has been found—only temporary fixes such as using insulated aluminum substrates. This might seem confusing, but the problem becomes significant when multiple LEDs are connected in series, even though individual units don’t show major issues.
**3. LED Sensitivity to Power Surges**
This is still a controversial topic with manufacturers, but I’ve experienced it firsthand. The main issue is cold pulse failure—some LEDs fail instantly upon power-on due to a sudden voltage spike. I don’t believe it's caused by static electricity or overvoltage since the startup voltage remains within safe limits.
**4. LED Beam Angle Inconsistencies**
Even if two LEDs have the same nominal beam angle, their actual light distribution can differ significantly due to variations in lens design. This makes it difficult to choose the right cover and reduces the possibility of universal compatibility.
**5. Risk of Eye Strain from Bright Centers**
LEDs often emit light too concentrated at the center, which can be uncomfortable for the eyes. Some manufacturers try to address this, but regulations haven’t caught up, leaving the issue largely unregulated and dependent on manufacturer ethics.
**6. Heat Management Problems**
While LEDs are designed to be cool, current technology still struggles with effective heat dissipation. Excessive heat can shorten the lifespan and reduce efficiency, making thermal management a critical concern.
**7. Low Luminous Efficiency**
The conversion efficiency from electrical energy to light is still relatively low. Although specific data is hard to obtain without proper testing, it’s clear that there is room for improvement.
**8. Insufficient Light Output**
Current LED brightness levels are still limited, which restricts their use primarily to decorative lighting rather than general illumination.
**9. LED Degradation and Lifespan Concerns**
Degradation and longevity remain serious issues, particularly with products from mainland or Taiwanese manufacturers. Claims of 100,000-hour lifespans are often exaggerated. Real performance depends heavily on heat management and overall system design, making such figures more of a marketing tactic than a technical guarantee.
**10. LED Driver Limitations**
Most LED drivers are adapted from switching power supplies, and while some are specifically designed for LEDs, the results are similar. Since LEDs require DC and constant current, the driver circuits tend to be large and inefficient, with typical efficiencies around 80% at best. Additionally, some manufacturers claim that one driver can power ten or more LEDs, which is misleading. An excessively high starting voltage can cause LEDs to fail immediately.
**11. Design Constraints Due to Single-Sided Emission**
LEDs emit light from one side, limiting the flexibility in designing lamp shapes and configurations.
**12. High Cost of LED Components**
Imported 1W–3W LEDs can cost around $3 each, while domestic versions are cheaper but often lower quality. A single LED lamp can cost nearly RMB 1,000, making it less competitive compared to other lighting options. Is it better to buy a TV or a light fixture?
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