Selenium plays a vital role in the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system, acting as an essential electron carrier. This function makes it closely involved in the synthesis and metabolism of various biologically active substances, as well as in the detoxification and biotransformation of exogenous compounds, including drugs and carcinogens. Its involvement in these processes highlights its importance in maintaining cellular health and metabolic balance.
In addition to its role in oxidation-reduction reactions, selenium is a key component in the synthesis of coenzyme A and coenzyme Q, both of which are crucial for energy production and cellular respiration. It also serves as a structural element in cytochrome proteins that participate in the electron transport chain. These functions make selenium essential for the proper functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and overall energy metabolism in the body.
Moreover, selenium supports protein synthesis and acts synergistically with vitamin E to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. When both selenium and vitamin E are deficient, peroxides can accumulate, leading to membrane damage and the loss of cellular integrity. This can result in the degeneration or necrosis of various cell types, including skeletal muscle, heart muscle, liver cells, pancreatic cells, capillary endothelial cells, and nerve cells.
Deficiencies in selenium and vitamin E often lead to clinical symptoms such as muscular dystrophy, muscle and gastric atrophy, pancreatic atrophy, exudative diathesis, and brain softening in poultry. These conditions underscore the critical role of selenium in maintaining tissue health and preventing oxidative stress-related diseases.
By supporting antioxidant defenses and ensuring proper metabolic function, selenium contributes significantly to the overall health and performance of animals. Ensuring adequate selenium intake through diet is therefore essential for maintaining optimal growth, immunity, and disease resistance in livestock.
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