**Technical Standards for Centrifugal Pump Bearings**
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Source: China Bearing Network | Date: December 18, 2013
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Centrifugal pump bearings play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of pumps. Proper selection, installation, and maintenance of these bearings are essential to prevent failures and extend the service life of the equipment. Below are the technical standards and guidelines for both rolling and sliding bearings used in centrifugal pumps.
### Rolling Bearings
1. **Fit and Cooperation**:
The bearing and shaft should use the base hole system, while the fit between the bearing and the housing follows the base shaft system. The dimensional accuracy and rotational precision must comply with GB307-84.
2. **Surface Finish Requirements**:
The journal and inner bore of the bearing should be machined according to GB1031-83. The surface roughness (Ra) of the journal should be less than 1.6 μm, and that of the housing bore should be less than 2.5 μm.
3. **Material and Hardness**:
Bearings made from GCr15 or ZGCr15 steel should have a hardness of 61–65 HRC, while those made from GCr15SiMn or ZGCr15SiMn should have a hardness of 60–64 HRC. The hardness distribution and uniformity should be checked according to JB1255.
4. **Clearance Standards**:
Radial and axial clearances must meet the requirements of GB4604-84.
5. **Inspection Criteria**:
The inner and outer raceways should be free from damage, cracks, or severe wear. Balls must not show signs of wear, and the cage should not be deformed. There should be no abnormal noise or vibration during operation.
6. **Tapered Roller Bearings (C-Class)**:
The contact accuracy between the roller and raceway must be checked under load. The contact marks should be continuous, and the contact length should not be less than 80% of the roller’s length.
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### Sliding Bearings
1. **Radial Thick-Walled Bearings**:
The bearing clearance and interference can be measured using the lead method or shaft lifting method. The interference should be between 0 and 0.02 mm. The bearing bush should be free from defects such as peeling, cracks, or partial wear.
2. **Contact Condition**:
The contact between the bearing bush and the journal is inspected using the color method. The angle of inspection should be between 60° and 90°, depending on the rotational speed. The touch area should be uniform, with 2–4 points per square centimeter. If the contact is poor, scraping may be necessary.
3. **Cleaning and Inspection**:
The bearing housing must be cleaned thoroughly, and all oil holes should be unobstructed. There should be no cracks or leaks.
4. **Fitting and Contact Area**:
The back of the bearing and the housing should fit tightly and evenly. The contact area should be at least 50%.
5. **Thin-Walled Bearings**:
The alloy layer and tile shell must be firmly bonded without delamination or cracking. The surface should be smooth and free from defects like pores, slag, or bumps.
6. **Inner Diameter Fit**:
For inner diameters less than 180 mm, the contact area should be at least 85%, and for those equal to or greater than 180 mm, it should be at least 70%.
7. **Installation Check**:
After installation, a 0.02 mm feeler gauge should not pass through the joint.
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### Thrust Bearings
1. **Bearing Bush Condition**:
The thrust bearing bush must be free from wear, deformation, cracks, scratches, or burn damage. The contact area should be at least 70%, with even distribution around each tile. The thickness difference among tiles in the same group should not exceed 0.01 mm.
2. **Lubrication and Fit**:
The gasket should be flat, non-deformable, and have a thickness difference of no more than 0.01 mm. The bearing cap must be properly aligned, and the thrust clearance should be measured using a displacement probe.
3. **Oil Hole Alignment**:
The oil hole and the bearing cover must align correctly, with no misalignment. The oil hole should be clean and unobstructed.
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### Additional Notes
Proper maintenance and adherence to these technical standards ensure the reliability and performance of centrifugal pumps. Regular inspections, correct lubrication, and timely replacement of worn components are key to avoiding unexpected breakdowns.
**Related Articles**
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- NTN's Guide to Rolling Bearing Applications and Preventing Early Failures
This article was originally published at [China Bearing Network](http://www.chinabearing.net).
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