Due to the increasingly harsh environment, the living environment of pigs has been seriously damaged. The intensive and large-scale breeding of pigs has made many pigs unable to be expressed, resulting in many behavioral variations, such as sow's dog sitting and empty chewing. Etc. This has greatly reduced the ability of pigs to fight disease. Moreover, the mutation ability of today's viruses is getting stronger and stronger, and a single vaccine can not effectively prevent disease. Our treatment of diseases can only be a temporary solution. The treatment effect of pigs after illness is different, which will seriously affect their production performance. Therefore, many veterinary experts have put forward the principle of disease prevention and control of “cultivating weight in prevention, prevention of stress, and comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, while the advantages of microecological preparations are “treatment of diseases, disease prevention, disease-free health careâ€. It can have a great positive effect on the health and disease prevention of pigs, and the application of microecological preparations in the pig industry is becoming more and more extensive.
The application of microecological preparations in pig production can improve the production performance and feed utilization rate of pigs, improve the body immunity, improve the quality of pork, reduce the malodor generated during the breeding process, and prevent environmental pollution. It has broad application prospects, and Bacillus Formulations are among the best.
1 Bacillus can provide nutrition and improve pig production performance
During the rapid propagation process, Bacillus produces a large amount of vitamins, organic acids, amino acids, proteases (especially alkaline proteases), saccharification enzymes, lipases, and amylases, which can degrade complex organic matter in plant feeds and promote Pigs digest and absorb nutrients, improve feed utilization, prevent pigs from indigestion, and appear "feeding" and other conditions. Li Guojian's experimental results show that adding 100mg/kg Bacillus coagulans to the growth and finishing pig feed can increase the average daily gain, reduce the feed cost and positive rate of Salmonella, and the feeding effect is better than 100mg/kg, and these additives are not reduced. Under the premise of production performance, it can replace antibiotics or antibacterials as growth promoters. Li Huanyou and other experiments have shown that microecological preparations can replace antibiotics and antibacterial additives in the diet of weaned piglets. Huo Jun et al. (2004) showed that the addition of 100 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans to feeds significantly increased average daily gain, reduced feed cost and positive rate of Salmonella by adding Bacillus coagulans preparations to the growth and finishing pig feed. The feeding effect was not significantly different from the addition of 100 mg/kg antibiotic. Zhang Lingqi et al. showed that compared with the control group, the addition of Bacillus increased the daily weight gain of piglets by 37.11% (P<0.05), and the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 24.37%. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus in the diet improved the growth performance of the piglets, significantly increased the daily gain, and reduced the feed to meat ratio. Kirchgessner et al reported that the daily increase in piglets was significantly higher than that of the control group after adding Bacillus cereus (107, 108, 109 CFU/kg feed) to the piglet basal diet, with 108 CFU per kg of feed being the best, up 11.1%. At the same time, the feed intake was also significantly improved, but the feed conversion efficiency was not significantly improved. Kyriakis et al (1999) showed that the addition of Bacillus licheniformis (1010 CFU/kg feed) to the diet significantly increased the average body mass and average daily mass (P<0.05), with an increase of 13.7% and 99.3%, respectively. The feed intake was 26.8% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the feed conversion efficiency was also significantly improved (P<0.05). This report also showed that Bacillus cereus (109 CFU / kg feed) can also improve piglet performance (P <0.05). Alexopoulos et al. believed that the fat content in the milk of the sows in the late pregnancy was 0.48% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the body weight loss was also significantly reduced; the weaned piglets per sow. The number increased significantly (P<0.05), and the mortality and diarrhea rate of piglets decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the body mass increased by 0.56 kg (P<0.05).
2 Bacillus can enhance the immunity of pigs
When the piglets are infected with the intestinal tract, the normal microbes in the intestine mobilize the immune cells of the lamina propria of the intestinal wall to form an through the immune response
The second line of defense into the body. The main channel of intestinal bacteria and other antigens entering the body is through the transmission of M cells, which transfer antigens to antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and B cells in intestinal epithelial cells), and antigen-presenting cells deliver antigens. Presented to adjacent T cells, causing proliferation of reactive T cells. At the same time that T cells are activated, B cells are also activated, and secretion of specific antibodies is initiated by the peripheral free intestinal lamina propria. Secretory IgA is secreted by the B cells of the lamina propria into the intestinal lumen, encapsulating the pathogens, preventing their adhesion and promoting the intestinal tract to excrete pathogens. In the first week after birth, piglets are mainly protected by antibodies and non-immune factors of breast milk.
Cao Guowen's test showed that the treatment of stress diarrhea in weaned piglets with Bacillus cereus suspension was effective, and the cure rate was as high as 96.08%. Pan Kangcheng and other studies believe that the immune-promoting effect of Bacillus licheniformis is directly used as an immunoadjuvant on the antigen-binding site of the intestinal lymphoid tissue after oral administration of Bacillus, or by adjusting the microbial population in the host, especially The bifidobacteria group dominates and indirectly acts as an immunoadjuvant to improve the local or systemic defense function of the body. Chen Xudong and other studies have found that Bacillus cereus can produce bacteriocin and can antagonize pathogenic bacteria; with 32% of Bacillus spores feeding 35-day-old piglets, the daily weight gain is significantly increased (P<0.01), feed-to-weight ratio and diarrhea The rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Zhang Lingqi's experimental results showed that the addition of Bacillus in the diet had a certain effect on the levels of IgA and IgM. According to the experimental results, the addition of Bacillus may affect the metabolism of the weaned pigs, increase the feed intake and increase the piglet protein. The level of nutrient intake reduces the protein decomposition in early weaned piglets, strengthens the nitrogen deposition, and corrects the negative balance of nitrogen in the body. It can better ensure the normal synthesis and secretion of antibodies in the blood and enhance the synthesis of protein in the liver. The ability to improve the body's immunity. Fuller (1989) pointed out that direct feeding of living microorganisms can stimulate the development of immune organs in animals, increase animal antibody levels or macrophage activity, and enhance immune function.
3 Bacillus eliminates the odor of feces and urine, improves environmental sanitation, and prevents environmental pollution.
Many microecological preparations enter the pig body and cooperate with beneficial bacteria in the intestine to effectively enhance the activity of the intestine and improve the utilization of protein. At the same time, due to the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, it is bound to inhibit the activities of E. coli and the like, thereby reducing The conversion of protein to ammonia and amine reduces the concentration of ammonia in the intestine and blood, reduces the amount of ammonia excreted in the feces, effectively controls the odor, improves the air quality in the house, reduces the body's stress, and reduces environmental pollution. degree. Bacillus can deodorize and fly, reduce pollution, control bacterial diseases, reduce the excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in feces, reduce fecal odor and harmful gas emissions, showing the gradual reduction of animal feces and reducing feed. Protein is broken down into ammonia waste, which reduces environmental pollution. Zhang Qingning et al. isolated and purified 14 dominant aerobic bacteria from the fermentation bed of ecological pig-raising mode, and identified them as different species of Bacillus by morphology, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and homology comparison. The characteristics of Bacillus dominant bacteria in the fermentation bed are different. Most of them can secrete enzymes such as catalase, urease and protease. They use pig manure to grow rapidly and have good deodorizing effect. Moreover, certain substances can be produced in certain periods. The growth of aureus25923 and E.coli25922 inhibits the feces, inhibits the pathogens, and promotes the growth of pigs. The bacteria of the genus Bacillus can withstand the high temperature of fermentation due to the protection of spores, and have strong growth advantages, and are suitable for playing an advantageous role in the fermentation bed. The results of experiments such as MEDavis showed that the fecal decomposition time from the pigs fed the Bacillus group was 33% shorter than that of the control diet group. Wang Jinbang pointed out that the aminated oxidase and the sulphide-decomposing enzyme produced by Bacillus in the large intestine can completely oxidize the odorant compound into a substance that is odorless, non-toxic and environmentally friendly.
Although China's research on microecological preparations started later than some developed countries, we have a large space and rapid progress. The application of microecological preparations has promoted the development of China's pig industry to some extent. Microecological preparations can promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry, improve the body's immunity, reduce livestock diseases, improve feed utilization, reduce pollution to the environment, and provide people with good quality and pollution-free animal products. Some scholars predict that after the era of brilliant antibiotics, it will be a new era of micro-ecology. We believe that with the continuous deepening of research and the continuous development of science, micro-ecological preparations will have a very broad application prospect, and will inevitably have a strong driving effect on the development of animal husbandry.
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