New catalyst allows CO emissions from hydrogen production to approach zero

According to a report from the US Daily Science website on May 22 (Beijing time), researchers at Duke University have developed a groundbreaking method for hydrogen production using innovative catalysts. The new approach not only reduces carbon monoxide (CO) levels to nearly zero but also operates at lower temperatures compared to traditional methods, making it more efficient and practical. The findings were published in the *Catalysis Journal* in May. Hydrogen is abundant in the atmosphere, yet its production and collection for industrial and transportation use remain costly and complex. Current methods often result in the release of toxic carbon monoxide, which poses serious risks to human and animal health. The latest breakthrough involves using ethanol-based materials, such as methanol derived from biomass. When methanol reacts with steam, it generates a hydrogen-rich mixture suitable for fuel cells. However, this process typically produces carbon monoxide, which can quickly damage fuel cell membranes. Nick Hortz, an assistant professor at Duke’s School of Engineering, explained that even small amounts of CO can be detrimental to fuel cell performance. Timothy Sodia, a graduate student at Hottz Laboratories, said, “Our goal is to create clean, sustainable energy that can replace fossil fuels.” The new method uses a combination of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst instead of relying solely on gold. This innovation allows continuous hydrogen production with carbon monoxide levels dropping to just 0.002%, and the by-products are primarily carbon dioxide and water. Sodia added, “Previously, people thought iron oxide was just a support for gold nanoparticles. But we discovered that increasing the surface area of iron oxide significantly boosts the catalytic activity of gold.” The team tested the new reaction for over 200 hours and found that the catalyst remained highly effective without losing efficiency. Despite these promising results, Sodia admitted that the exact mechanism behind the reaction is still unclear. While the size of gold nanoparticles plays a key role, future research will focus on understanding the function of iron oxide particles in the chemical process.

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