New catalyst allows CO emissions from hydrogen production to approach zero

According to a report on the US Daily Science website on May 22 (Beijing time), researchers at Duke University have made a breakthrough in hydrogen production by developing a new catalytic method. The study, published in the *Catalysis Journal* in May, reveals that this innovative approach can nearly eliminate carbon monoxide (CO) while generating hydrogen, and it operates at a lower temperature than traditional methods, making it more efficient and practical. Hydrogen is abundant in nature, but producing and collecting it for industrial and transportation use remains expensive and complex. Many existing methods also release carbon monoxide, a toxic byproduct harmful to humans and animals. To address these challenges, scientists are exploring renewable sources like ethanol-based materials, such as methanol derived from biomass. When methanol reacts with steam, it produces a hydrogen-rich gas suitable for fuel cells. However, this process often results in carbon monoxide, which can damage fuel cell membranes. Nick Hortz, an assistant professor at Duke’s School of Engineering, explained that even small amounts of CO can quickly degrade fuel cell performance, making catalysts crucial for the process. Timothy Sodia, a graduate student at Hottz Laboratories, said: “Our goal is to create clean, sustainable energy to replace fossil fuels.” The team’s new method uses a combination of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst, significantly reducing CO levels to just 0.002%, with byproducts being carbon dioxide and water. Sodia added, “Previously, people thought iron oxide was just a support for gold nanoparticles. But we discovered that increasing the surface area of iron oxide boosts the catalytic activity of gold.” The new catalyst remained effective over 200 hours of testing, maintaining its ability to remove CO without degradation. While the exact mechanism of the reaction is still unclear, Sodia noted that the size of gold nanoparticles plays a key role. Future research will focus on understanding how iron oxide contributes to the chemical process. This advancement could pave the way for cleaner and more efficient hydrogen production in the future.

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