Heating requirements for civil buildings are typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²). Here are some standard values:
- **Residential**: 40–50 W/m²
- **Library**: 45–75 W/m²
- **Hotel**: 60–70 W/m²
- **Office, School**: 60–80 W/m²
- **Hospital, Kindergarten**: 65–80 W/m²
- **Shop**: 65–85 W/m²
- **Single-storey house**: 80–105 W/m²
- **Theatre**: 95–115 W/m²
- **Cafeteria, Restaurant**: 115–140 W/m²
- **Auditorium, Stadium**: 115–165 W/m²
When estimating heating needs, several factors should be considered, such as the room's location (top or bottom floor, end or middle unit), orientation (north or south-facing), insulation quality, and whether it’s a high or low-rise building. These elements can affect heat loss and efficiency. After calculating the required radiator size, it's advisable to add an extra 10% to 20% to ensure sufficient heating capacity.
For residential use, the recommended heating load is generally between 45 W and 80 W per square meter. To determine the required wattage for a room, simply multiply the area by the wattage per square meter. For example, a 20-square-meter room would need at least 900 W of heating power (20 × 45 = 900). It’s better to choose radiators with a slightly higher output to avoid underheating, especially in colder climates or poorly insulated spaces.
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