First, to prevent the illusion of uneven steps when climbing up or down, the height of the first and last steps should match the rest of the staircase. If adjustments are necessary, they should not exceed 4 cm, ideally no more than 2 to 3 cm for a smoother transition.
Second, the vertical clearance from the top step to the ceiling must be at least 2 meters, with a minimum of 1.8 meters. Insufficient headroom can create a cramped and uncomfortable feeling, especially in smaller spaces.
Third, the spacing between balusters (railings) should be between 8 cm and 12.5 cm. This ensures that small children cannot stick their heads through the gaps, improving safety for families with kids.
What is the standard width size of an indoor staircase?
Fourth, the handrail height should be positioned at waist level, typically between 85 cm and 90 cm. The diameter of the handrail should be around 5.5 cm, making it comfortable to grip.
Fifth, the riser height (step height) should be between 15 cm and 18 cm, while the tread depth (step depth) should range from 22 cm to 27 cm. A typical staircase has about 15 steps. If the rise is too high, consider adding a landing to improve comfort and safety.
Sixth, the width of the staircase depends on the space available. When there’s no wall on either side, the net width should be at least 75 cm. If there are walls on both sides, the minimum width should be 90 cm to allow for easier movement.
Seventh, safety is crucial. All parts of the staircase should be smooth, rounded, and free of sharp edges. For homes with children, the stairs should have a gentle slope and minimal turns. Anti-slip measures such as non-slip strips, mats, or grooves should be added to prevent accidents.
Eighth, proper lighting is essential for safe navigation. Too little light can make it hard to see, while too much can cause glare and discomfort. The lighting should be soft, even, and sufficient to illuminate each step clearly without creating harsh shadows.
Designing a safe and functional staircase involves careful planning of dimensions, materials, and safety features. Following these guidelines will help ensure a comfortable and secure experience for all users, especially in residential settings.
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