"In the past ten years, China has made great progress in prospecting and mine construction, but major breakthroughs have yet to be made, and further breakthroughs are needed." On July 6, at the National Nonferrous Metals Mining Conference held in Beijing, China Nonferrous Metals Chen Quanxun, president of the Industrial Association, said in an interview with the Morning Post reporter. Despite the significant increase in the proven reserves of non-ferrous metals in China over the past few years, the grim fact behind this is that China’s own non-ferrous metal mines are small and medium-sized mines, associated with mining power and consumption, which ranks first in the world. Mines and poor ore are mostly, mining is difficult, processing costs are high, and the dependence of several important non-ferrous metal minerals has increased year by year. At the same time, the comprehensive utilization of metal recycling has just started, which makes the protection of non-ferrous metal resources face a severe situation. Non-ferrous minerals lack "main staple food" on the same day, the data provided by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association showed that during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's copper, bauxite, lead and zinc proved reserves increased by 21.16 million tons, 650 million tons, 19.19 million respectively. Tonnes and 31.19 million tons, an increase of 22.9%, 39.4%, 41.2% and 25.7% respectively compared with 2005. In 2011, the output of six non-ferrous metal concentrates of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, tin and antimony reached 8.25 million tons, an increase of 18% year-on-year, almost double the average annual growth rate during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. "China's large-scale minerals are highly dependent on foreign countries. The non-ferrous metal mines are in short supply of lead, zinc, copper and aluminum." Zhang Hongtao, the former chief of the State Council and the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Land and Resources, compared minerals to food. "Now is the staple food." There are many MSGs, but you can't eat staple foods." According to reports, China's rare earth, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium and other mineral resources are among the highest in the world, but the main metals. The per capita reserves of minerals are less than a quarter of the world's, and the per capita reserves of copper and aluminum are 1/6 and 1/9 of the global per capita level, respectively. Take aluminum as an example. China's bauxite has been relying heavily on imports. According to the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, in 2011, China's aluminum dependence on foreign countries reached 47%, and imported bauxite was 44.85 million tons, of which 80% came from Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia. On May 6 this year, Indonesia announced that 14 kinds of minerals, including bauxite, could not be exported as raw materials, but mining companies with mining licenses are still exportable - provided that they pay up to 20% of export tax to 2014. Exports will be completely banned in the year. Chinalco (601600.SH, 02600.HK), China's largest producer of alumina and primary aluminum, immediately decided to implement flexible production in Shandong, Henan and Zhongzhou branches, with a capacity of 1.7 million tons of compressed alumina. This figure accounts for about 15% of Chinalco's 2011 alumina production. Alumina is the main raw material for the production of electrolytic aluminum. Some downstream aluminum producers complained to reporters that alumina prices may have been raised, which puts enormous pressure on them. Reserve-production ratio declined significantly, according to the US Geological Survey data, in 2010 the world's bauxite reserves of 29 billion tons, of which China 830 million tons, accounting for only 3% of global reserves. Some experts believe that China's non-ferrous metal industry has the traditional concept of "re-smelting light mines", but non-ferrous enterprises can basically be counted as mining enterprises. Its basic competitiveness is to retain mineral resources, especially advantageous resources. However, with the increase in the mining intensity of non-ferrous metals, the trend of the decline in the ratio of reserves to mining is becoming more apparent. The reserve-production ratio, also known as the recovery rate or the recovery ratio, refers to the number of years remaining at the end of the year divided by the current year's output, and the remaining reserves are still available for mining at the current production level. According to the research data of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, in the bulk minerals, the domestic copper storage ratio was 9.5 in 2010, down 20.3 from 29.8 in 2003; the bauxite storage-production ratio was 16.9, down 15.9 from 32.8 in 2003. Even the rare metal mines with abundant reserves are not optimistic. In 2010, the domestic storage ratio of tungsten was 7.7, which was 12.2 lower than the 19.9 in 2003. The storage-production ratio of 锑 was 3.9, which was 1.1 lower than that of 2003. . The competition for overseas resources is becoming increasingly fierce. Many companies have already explored the reach of minerals overseas. Since the international financial crisis in 2008, Chinalco, China National Mining Corporation, Minmetals, Jinchuan Group, Jiangxi Copper, Zijin Mining and other enterprises have invested in Australia, Canada, Peru, Zambia, Pakistan, Mongolia and other countries and regions. mine. According to the statistics of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, as of the end of 2011, China's overseas equity copper reserves exceeded 80 million tons, equity lead and zinc exceeded 30 million tons, and equity nickel exceeded 6 million tons. On this basis, a copper equity production capacity of 200,000 tons was formed. / year, lead and zinc 900,000 tons / year, nickel 35,000 tons / year. However, the competition for overseas resources is becoming increasingly fierce. The power of resource nationalism cannot be underestimated. Various factors such as the need to invest large amounts of capital in infrastructure construction make this "overseas meal" less delicious. An optimistic view is that China's shortage of non-ferrous metals resources are mostly easier to recycle, such as copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc. Most of the metals that are difficult to recycle are rich in China's reserves. According to the research data of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, in 2011, China's main non-ferrous metal production was 8.35 million tons, an increase of 7.7% over 2010, including 2.6 million tons of recycled copper and 4.4 million tons of recycled aluminum, up 8.3% and 10% respectively. %, recycled lead 1.35 million tons, unchanged from last year. The scrap metal market is large, but the industrial concentration is generally low, the production scale is small, and there are few leading companies. At present, the scale of domestic enterprises is concentrated at tens of thousands of tons, and only a very small number of enterprises have reached a scale of more than 200,000 tons. Chen Quanxun said, "Our slogan is very loud, but the recycling rate of non-ferrous metals accounts for 20% to 25% of consumption, compared with foreign countries, but people are more than 50%." Encouraging private investment in prospecting experts have predicted that 2025 It will be the peak of China's resource demand, and the resource situation will become more severe. In 2010, the domestic non-ferrous metal mineral exploration investment reached 10.7 billion yuan. In 2011, the fixed investment in the non-ferrous metal mining field reached 95.7 billion yuan, an increase of 26% over the previous year. In the second half of 2011, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance promulgated the "Strategic Action Plan for Prospecting and Breakthrough (2011-2020)" to enhance the capacity of mineral resources. Xu Shaoshi, Minister of Land and Resources, once said that China's multi-sectors will promote capital investment, policy support, and scientific and technological research and development, and will encourage more private capital to participate in various ways. On March 28 this year, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Federation of Industry and Commerce jointly held a "symposium on private enterprises for mineral exploration breakthrough strategic actions" and invited 26 private entrepreneurs to participate. On the 6th, Chen Quanxun also stressed the importance of resource management. "Now resource management is a weak link and needs to be strengthened. Because management is not good, it will inevitably lead to waste of resources and increase pressure on environmental protection." He said that China's non-ferrous metal mining industry is currently There are still many problems in market access, mineral rights management, green mining, and safe production. These involve complex interests, such as the relationship between the central, local, and enterprise, and the three links of prospecting, prospecting, and mining. The issue of the distribution of economic benefits.
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