Vitamins are a special class of low molecular organic compounds necessary for poultry to sustain life, growth and development, normal physiology and metabolism. Poultry has little need for vitamins, but plays an important role in the metabolism of poultry material.
First, fat-soluble vitamin
1, vitamin A (promoting vitamins)
It maintains normal vision, protects the normal function of epithelial cells and nerve tissue, promotes poultry growth and development, enhances appetite, promotes digestion, and enhances resistance to infectious diseases and parasites.
Lack of vitamin A in the feed can cause night blindness in poultry, slow growth, decreased egg production rate, decreased fertilization rate, low hatching rate, weakened disease resistance, and various diseases. If there is too much vitamin A in the feed, that is, more than 10,000 IU/kg, the mortality of the embryo in the early stage of hatching will increase. Vitamin A is abundant in cod liver oil, and carrots and alfalfa hay contain a lot of carotene.
2, vitamin D
It is related to the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in poultry, promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphorus by the kidney, and promotes the normal calcification of bone.
When the bird is deficient in vitamin D, the body's mineral metabolism is disordered, causing its bone development to be blocked, causing rickets. The sputum, feet and sternum are soft and flexible, the eggshell is thin or soft, the egg production rate and hatching rate are decreased, and the growth is poor. It is rough and the legs are weak. However, if vitamin D is too high, it can cause poultry poisoning. Vitamin D refers to vitamin D3, because poultry has strong utilization of vitamin D3 and contains more D3 in cod liver oil.
3, vitamin E
It is related to the metabolism of nucleic acids and the redox of enzymes, maintaining the complete function of cell membranes, promoting immune function, improving the resistance of poultry to diseases, and enhancing anti-stress effects.
Poultry lack of vitamin E in poultry can cause disturbances in reproductive function, low egg production rate and hatching rate. Adding vitamin E to the feed can increase the hatching rate, promote growth and development, and enhance immune function. Vitamin E is more abundant in green fodder, grain germ and egg yolk.
4, vitamin K
It is a necessary component for poultry to maintain normal blood coagulation, and is generally used to prevent and treat bleeding disorders caused by vitamin K deficiency.
Poultry vitamin K is insufficient, prone to bleeding, long blood clotting, microvascular damage, can cause a lot of bleeding. If the content of synthetic vitamin K exceeds 1000 times of normal, poisoning will occur. Vitamin K is abundant in green fodder and soybean.
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