The integration of the graphite industry is beginning to reveal the "black gold" bloom

Editor's note: In addition to being used in high-tech fields such as lithium batteries and displays, graphite is widely used in defense, military, energy conservation and environmental protection. Affected by the demand for environmental protection and new materials, the graphite industry is attracting more and more attention in the sub-sectors such as graphene and synthetic diamonds. Under the premise that the production capacity of raw ore may be gradually reduced, China's graphite industry will usher in new development.

Graphite industry faces integration

Graphite is a strategic resource and is known as the “black gold”. It is not only widely used in general industrial and consumer fields, but also widely used in some special industrial fields. China's graphite ore reserves account for 75% of the world's total reserves, and production accounts for 72% of the world's total output. Graphite is one of the few minerals with international competitive advantages in China.

The low-end and disorderly development of China's graphite industry is seriously affecting resource protection and industrial upgrading. The graphite industry's low output is high, reflecting the technical lag. For a long time, the state's management of graphite resources has not been included in a standardized channel. The main producing areas are separate. With the rapid development of modern science and technology and the continuous advancement of new materials and new energy industries, the strategic graphite industry is facing the opportunity of integrated development.

China National Building Material Investment Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of China National Building Materials Co., Ltd., invested RMB 1 billion in Zhangzhou in 2010 to establish Southern Graphite Co., Ltd., to buy resources from the original mine owner for 2 billion yuan, and plans to invest 3 billion yuan to establish a graphite industrial park. Deep processing is the premise that enterprises can become the main body of Zhangzhou graphite integration. The company will not sell any raw ore, which will kick off the upcoming integration of the graphite industry.

Graphene industry has great potential

Graphene is a carbon material with high technical content and wide application potential. It has high conductivity, high toughness, high strength and large specific surface area. It is used in semiconductor industry, photovoltaic industry, lithium ion battery, aerospace and military industry. Traditional areas such as next-generation displays and emerging fields such as new energy and new materials will bring revolutionary technological advances.

Graphene has many research and development directions in the application of the electronics industry. Graphene can replace crystalline silicon in the field of chips. The global demand for semiconductor crystal silicon is about 2,500 tons per year. If graphene replaces one tenth of crystalline silicon. Made of high-end integrated circuits, the market capacity is at least 500 billion yuan. A lithium ion battery anode material made of graphene can greatly improve battery performance. The global demand for anode materials is more than 25,000 tons per year, and it has maintained a growth rate of more than 20%. Graphene is used as a negative electrode material in one-tenth of lithium-ion batteries, and its demand is also more than 250 tons. Graphene can be made into supercapacitors. In 2010, the global supercapacitor market was worth $ 5 billion and maintained a growth rate of 20%. Graphene can be used as a display device instead of a conductive material. It is estimated that the demand for ITO conductive glass in the world will be between 85 and 95 million pieces in 2011, and the replacement space for graphene is huge.

The domestic graphene industry mass production is still in the exploration stage. At present, the largest application is still used for the experimental use of major research institutes. The large-scale supply and downstream large-scale industrial application needs have not yet formed, major research institutes and some graphite products. Production companies can only produce graphene samples in small quantities and have no capacity for large-scale production. With the advancement of technology and industrial upgrading, with the support and guidance of relevant policies, once the graphene production capacity is formed on a large scale, the graphene industry will usher in rapid development, focusing on related listed companies such as Fangda Carbon and Antai Technology .

Synthetic diamond capacity expansion

Synthetic diamond uses related technology to produce diamond through the reaction of carbonaceous materials such as graphite with certain metals. The main purpose is to use it as an abrasive tool for processing other hard materials. Synthetic single crystals are mainly used in the field of non-metallic materials processing such as construction. Polycrystalline diamond composite sheets are mainly used in the mining industry, and diamond coating tools can be used for machining. With the continuous expansion of synthetic diamond downstream applications, it can be used for precision machining in emerging fields such as aerospace instrument bearings and optical components. It is expected that the domestic market demand will reach 7 billion carats in 2012, and exports will maintain a rapid growth trend. The annual industry market demand will maintain a compound annual growth rate of more than 15%.

In the production of single crystal diamond, as the most intensive part of the fixed capital investment in the entire industrial chain, the main production links are all dependent on the press, so the turnover rate of machinery and equipment investment is very low. Although the raw material graphite constitutes a large part of the cost in production, the unit consumption of the top hammer (the consumable part of the press) gradually decreases with the increase of the process, so the influence of the fluctuation of the production cost is not particularly large. The future growth direction of diamond companies such as the Yellow River Cyclone and Yu Diamond is to extend upward in the industrial chain, which deserves attention.

Polycrystalline diamond tools are mainly used in applications where cutting is required. There are three main types of downstream requirements: PDC cutters for oil/gas wells, mining excavation teeth, and car/milling cutters. The excavation teeth of oil/gas well bits are the largest use of PDC in Europe and America. In 2010, about 65% of the total depth of excavation in the United States was used. In the domestic market, the localization rate of PDC excavation teeth has exceeded 80%. . The penetration rate of polycrystalline diamond tools in the domestic petroleum extracting industry is above 50%. Although it is dominated by diamond bites imported and joint ventures, it will enter the import substitution stage. As the depth of oil exploitation continues to increase, coal mine integration continues to deepen. Polycrystalline diamond tools will continue to increase in the promotion of crude oil and coal mining. In the polycrystalline diamond enterprise, Sifangda is one of the leading enterprises in the industry, and its production capacity will be further expanded.

Other graphite related industry analysis

At present, the price of carbon black is still at a relatively high level, and the demand for rubber in the downstream of carbon black is in a period of rapid growth. According to the statistics of the Carbon Black Branch of China Rubber Industry Association, about 67% of carbon black is used to produce tire rubber and 24% is used to produce other rubber products. 9% is used in the non-rubber industry. With the rise of China's auto industry and the rapid development of green tires, carbon black industry has been developing rapidly. The domestic carbon black industry is not highly concentrated, the production process is backward, the efficiency is low, and the pollution is serious. In recent years, the state has been increasing the integration of the carbon black industry, eliminating small factories below 10,000 tons, encouraging leading enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and paying attention to Longxing Chemical and other related companies.

Carbon and carbon \\ carbon composite materials are indispensable materials and industrial materials in modern industry. Carbon \\ carbon composite materials are widely used in aerospace, military, and automotive industries. Carbon materials are isostatically pressed graphite materials. The high-tech products represented by special materials have been widely used. With the maturity of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology and solar photovoltaic power generation technology, nuclear energy and solar energy have attracted great attention from all over the world as a clean industrial energy source that can be used on a large scale. Therefore, it is a huge amount of isostatic graphite as an important core material. demand. From the perspective of domestic market demand, the annual demand for isostatic graphite in China will exceed 30,000 tons in 2015, with a focus on listed companies such as Boyun New Materials and Sinosteel .

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