After more than 50 years of hard work, China's machine tool industry has made great progress, providing a large amount of basic technology and equipment for the national economy and national defense construction, and making important contributions to the country's modernization process. The whole industry is composed of eight small industries, such as gold cutting machine tools, forging machinery, casting machinery, woodworking machine tools, cutting tools, abrasive tools, machine tool accessories (including rolling functional components), and machine tools (including CNC systems). The products produced by various small industries are divided into several types and numerous varieties and specifications according to different characteristics. The production systems with relatively complete categories, complete sets of mainframes and supporting parts, and research institutes with considerable technical strength have been formed. A group of key backbone enterprises. China has entered the ranks of the world's largest machine tool producing countries, major consumer countries and importing countries. According to the statistics at the end of 2004, there are 2,023 enterprises in the machine tool industry in China (including 959 state-owned enterprises, accounting for 47.4% of the total; 758 private enterprises, accounting for 37.5%; 306 foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 15.1%), the whole industry It has total assets of 117.5 billion yuan and employs 520,000 people. Luo Baihui, head of the International Association of Mould & Hardware Plastics Industry Suppliers, said that with the deepening of reforms, a pattern of coexistence of various economic components has taken shape, and the machine tool industry has shown a rapid development and has begun to enter the development speed and economic operation quality. The new stage of simultaneous growth has created a good foundation for China to move from a machine tool manufacturing country to a machine tool manufacturing power. Analysis of the competitiveness of machine tool industry The specific progress performance is: 1. High-speed growth of output value and obvious improvement of economic benefits 1) Production and sales continue to grow at the same time. 2) The development speed of CNC machine tools is higher than the average growth rate of the industry. 2, technology development, significant results 1), through scientific and technological research, has achieved a number of major technical achievements. At the forefront of contemporary ultra-high precision machining technology, nano-machining and sub-micron processing technology and equipment, China has a variety of products into the market: virtual axis machine tools have entered a practical stage; rapid prototyping technology is also a material science and computer software technology, The cutting-edge technology of high-precision hardware technology and other disciplines, China's existing independent intellectual property rights technology and products; machine tool industry modeling design technology, has set up a CNC machine tool design research center, developed "intelligent auxiliary network collaborative design "System"; computer-aided design, manufacturing and management technology applications have achieved some results. 2) The development and application of application technology has promoted the significant improvement of the technical level of domestic CNC machine tools. Important technical indicators reflecting the manufacturing level of CNC machine tools, such as spindle maximum speed, fast moving speed, tool change speed, cutting capacity and other parameters are approaching the international level, a number of key technologies have achieved major breakthroughs, narrowing the gap with the world's advanced level. For example, the development of linear motor drive machine tools has been successful, and the variety of five-axis linkage machine tools has increased. The development of urgently needed products such as heavy-duty machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special-purpose machine tools, forming machine tools, CNC special machines, CNC complete sets of equipment and flexible production lines have been successful. The achievement of these achievements has played a vital role in blocking the import of some equipment and reducing the price of imported equipment. 3. Structural adjustment, obvious progress 1) During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the product structure has been continuously optimized. The high-tech products represented by CNC machine tools have become the main direction of machine tool manufacturing. The product structure has undergone major changes, and economical CNC machine tools have been mass-produced. The production of popular CNC machine tools has a certain amount of batches, and the variety of high-end CNC machine tools has also increased. At the same time that the export volume of machine tool products has increased year by year, the export varieties have changed, and a number of popular CNC metal cutting machine tools have been exported. 2) Process reengineering to promote corporate restructuring. At present, the separation of main and auxiliary enterprises in most state-owned enterprises has been basically completed, and a considerable number of enterprises have carried out specialized production process reengineering. Through the specialization of parts production and process specialization, the main engine manufacturing is more refined, which not only improves the management level and production efficiency, but also plays an important role in promoting the professional production of the industry. The various forms of restructuring between enterprises, the rise of new joint-stock enterprises and joint ventures with dumbbell-shaped structure, laid the foundation for further optimization of the industrial structure of the industry. 3) Significant progress has been made in the adjustment of industrial structure. The main performance is that the industrial concentration has been greatly improved. In the industry, a number of backbone enterprises with an annual output of over 10,000 sets of machine tools and an annual output of super-dry machines for CNC machine tools have emerged. The division of labor between the main engine factory and the supporting factory was further clarified, and a batch of manufacturing bases for mainframes and accessory parts with a certain scale were initially formed. 4. System reform, breakthroughs The restructuring has brought vitality to the development of state-owned enterprises. The new round of system and mechanism reform is gradually deepening in the machine tool industry. State-owned enterprises have made certain breakthroughs in the reform of the system and mechanism with the theme of diversified property rights, and formed a situation of diversified system coexistence with private, joint venture and foreign-funded enterprises. At the same time, new progress has been made in investing overseas and acquiring foreign companies. Through restructuring and restructuring, it has promoted the improvement of the management level of enterprises, and also created favorable conditions for accelerating technology development, improving product quality, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. In recent years, the total number of domestically produced machine tools has increased rapidly, but the market share is still not high (especially for CNC machine tools). At present, most of the high-end products rely on imports, and the imported products in the mid-range products market also occupy a large share. From the perspective of the industry as a whole, the core competitiveness of the industry is not strong. 1. Insufficient technological innovation capability 1) Insufficient investment in basic research, technical research and new product development directly affects the improvement of innovation capability. 2) The ability to independently develop products is poor, the key components depend on imports, and the digestion, absorption, innovation and improvement of the introduction of foreign advanced technology are not effective. 3), scientific and technological talents can not meet the needs of industrial development, especially the lack of technical leaders. There are three phenomena of scientific research and production, design and manufacturing, new product development and individualized user needs, which directly affect the development of new products and the improvement of technological innovation capabilities of enterprises. 2, the level of industrialization is not high 1), the industrial structure is not reasonable. Mainly the level of specialization is not high; the development of high-end products is slow, the market share is low; the mid-range products have a certain output, but the competitiveness is not strong; the development of functional components of CNC machine tools lags behind, seriously restricting the development of domestic CNC machine tools. 2) There is still a big gap between economic scale and production efficiency compared with developed countries. There are too many production plants, low production efficiency and poor profitability. 3) The process equipment is outdated and the basic manufacturing technology is backward. The average numerical rate of industrial equipment is only 2 to 3%. The equipment used to produce ordinary machine tools was used to mass-produce CNC machine tools, and it was difficult to meet the requirements of use in terms of accuracy, efficiency and reliability, which hindered the improvement of industrialization level. 3, the comprehensive service capacity is not strong 1), the service system is not perfect, the full-service capability is not strong, there is still a big gap in market development, complete sets of services. Although domestic enterprises have paid attention to the service problem, they generally lack research on the user's processing technology, and they are often passively coping with the situation. After-sales service in the international market of enterprises is weaker, and most enterprises still do not have the ability to develop and serve the international market. 2) The old management mode and management mechanism do not meet the requirements of the modern service system, and the rapid response capability is poor. There is still a big gap in the use of information technology to improve the basic management capabilities of enterprises. 4. The reform of the system and mechanism is not in place. The reform of the system and mechanism has promoted the progress of the machine tool industry, but the development is still not balanced. Some enterprises still have large gaps in the diversification of property rights, the corporate governance structure and the establishment of a modern enterprise system in the true sense, which directly restricts the improvement of corporate management. In the absence of a fundamental solution to the employment mechanism of the enterprise, the quality of employees is also difficult to improve rapidly. In summary, the above four gaps reflect the current outstanding problems in the industry, which seriously affect the improvement of the international competitiveness of enterprises.
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