The spray method is the most common method of application, that is, a certain amount of pesticide and a proper amount of water are used as a liquid medicine, and the liquid medicine is sprayed into a mist by a spray device. This method is mainly applicable to pesticide formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, water-based agents, wettable powders, soluble powders and suspensions.
First, the commonly used spraying method is based on the amount of liquid sprayed per acre (667 square meters). The spray method is often divided into high-volume spray, medium-volume spray, low-volume spray, very low-volume spray and ultra-low-volume spray. class.
1. High-capacity spray High-volume spray, also known as coarse spray, is mostly applied with 16-type backpack-type manual sprayer and 36-type motorized sprayer. The spray liquid per acre (667 square meters) exceeds 40 liters, mostly 50-75 liters. The pesticide is diluted with water, the concentration of the liquid is less than 1000 mg/kg, and the median diameter of the droplet is 400-1000 microns. It is a targeted spray method. High-capacity spray is suitable for controlling plant-based pests and diseases in agricultural areas with abundant water sources and for controlling weeds in soil treatment. It also has good control effect on foliar pests, but fog droplets are prone to bounce, rolling leaves, pesticides. More loss, resulting in soil and water pollution.
2, medium-volume spray medium-volume spray, also known as constant spray, is the use of workers and peasants 16 type backpack-type manual sprayer and 552-C shoulder-mounted manual sprayer application, the spray nozzle aperture is 1.3 ~ 1.6 mm, the liquid medicine to The water is diluted at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg or more. The spray volume per acre (667 square meters) is 12.5-50 liters, and the median diameter of the droplets is 250-400 micrometers. It is also a targeted spray. Medium volume spray is also used in multi-water areas, and pesticide utilization is higher than high volume spray.
3, low-volume spray low-volume spray, also known as fine spray or mist. With the workers and peasants type 16 and 552-C sprayers, the nozzle is equipped with a spray of 0.7 to 1.0 mm aperture. It is often called mist to use a Dongfanghong 18 motorized sprayer to spray a liquid into a mist using a high-speed air stream. The low-volume spray is diluted with water, the concentration of the liquid is 0.8~3%, and the pesticide network recommends spraying 2.5~12.5 liters per acre (667 square meters), and the median diameter of the droplets is 150-250 microns. The spray method combined with the spray and the drift spray can avoid the bounce phenomenon caused by the large mist, and the dispersion of the droplets between the plants is good, and the effective droplet coverage density standard for controlling pests and diseases can be achieved. And through the plant's internal absorption and penetration of pesticides and the functions of the plants themselves, such as breathing, transpiration, and physiological spitting, the pesticides will be redistributed. Low-volume spray is suitable for controlling leaf and leaf pests and diseases of crops. It has the advantages of good control effect and pesticide saving, but it is not suitable for chemical weeding. Due to the high concentration of pesticides, this method of spraying cannot be used for highly toxic pesticides.
4, very low-volume spray very low-volume spray, also known as micro-spray, is the use of Dongfanghong 18 motorized sprayer, with water or oil as the carrier, pesticide concentration of 3~10%, spray volume per acre (667 square meters) It is 0.5~2.5 liters and the droplet diameter is 80~150 microns. It is a drifting cumulative spray. It is suitable for large-scale control of pests and diseases in areas with less water, and is not suitable for chemical weeding in farmland. The micro-spray has the advantages of being resistant to rain and has a long-lasting effect, but it is greatly affected by the climate, and the loss of mist drift is large. The application technique is strict, which is easy to cause crop phytotoxicity and poisoning of humans and animals, and is not commonly used in pest control.
5, ultra-low-capacity spray ultra-low-volume spray, also known as micro-spray, is the use of Dongfanghong 18 motorized sprayer plus ultra-low-capacity spray, oil or water as the carrier, pesticide concentration of 10~60%, per acre ( 667 square meters) spray volume of 0.15 ~ 0.5 liters, the median diameter of the droplets is 15 ~ 75 microns, is also a drift accumulation of spray. Applicable to areas with less water, prevention and control of explosive pests and diseases, can not be used for chemical weeding in farmland. It has the advantages of high work efficiency, saving pesticides, timely prevention and no water use, but the operation technology is strict, the droplets are greatly affected by the air flow, and improper application may cause phytotoxicity.
Second, pay attention to the problem of spraying 1, pay attention to improve the wet performance of the liquid. When spraying pesticides, the adhesion of emulsifiable concentrates and oils on plants is strong, while the adhesion of aqueous and wettable powders is poor. Starting from the improvement of the efficacy, when spraying pesticides such as insecticidal bismuth, dimethyltetrachloride and glyphosate, a small amount of neutral detergent can be added as a spreading agent to improve the wet spreading ability of the medicament. In some herbicides, the addition of an appropriate amount of ammonium sulfate can increase the spreading ability. For example, after the addition of xylene tetrachloride plus 0.5% ammonium sulfate, the absorption time is reduced from 24 hours to 10 minutes.
2, should pay attention to the quality of the diluted liquid. The hardness, alkalinity and turbidity of water have a great influence on the efficacy. When the water contains calcium salts and magnesium salts in excess, the stability of the emulsion and suspension prepared by the ionic emulsifier may be impaired.
Some pharmaceutical agents lose their efficacy due to conversion to water-insoluble or poorly soluble substances. In some saline-alkali areas, the pH of the water is too high, which may cause a neutralization reaction with the agent, which may cause the drug effect to decrease or fail. Water turbidity will reduce the activity of pesticides, and will also accelerate the passivation failure of herbicides such as glyphosate and paraquat. Therefore, it is advisable to use a clean water with a neutral pH value.
3. To prevent pesticide poisoning. During the spraying process, the droplets often drift with the wind, polluting the skin and respiratory tract of the application personnel. Therefore, the application personnel should do a good job of safety protection, and should not spray finely on high-toxic pesticides such as methyl 1605 and methylamine. Some pesticides are highly toxic, such as insecticides, insecticidal rings, insecticides, etc., and should be taken care of when used in densely populated areas.
4. Pay attention to improve the quality of the spray. The spraying method generally requires uniform distribution of the droplets of the liquid medicine, high coverage, proper amount of the liquid medicine, and it is preferable to prevent the surface of the wetted object from being lost. The China Pesticide Network recommends that when spraying certain pests and mites, special parts should be sprayed. For example, aphids and mites prefer to be harmed on the back of plant leaves. When controlling, it is necessary to carry out targeted spraying on the back of the leaves to receive the desired control effect.
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