First, timely pruning  The main function of the topping is to prevent the plants from growing, reducing the excessive consumption of nutrients, and promoting the multiple results of the plants. Practice has proved that the reasonable pruning of pepper can significantly increase its yield. The operation method is as follows: after the first batch of peppers are harvested (the pepper mash is already in the rest stage), 8 branches growing above 4 large branches near the base are cut off. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, which not only can reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients, but also make the 4 large branches near the base grow good ventilation, reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruit, and increase the yield of pepper. Cucumber should be topped in 25 leaves to promote the formation of the head melon, otherwise it will easily cause the nutrient transport to be blocked. The topping time of the tomato should be after the 4th flower and fruit setting, and leave 2 leaves on the ear, so as to avoid premature senescence of the roots and the lower leaves of the plant. Do not pick the heart when the 4th inflorescence has just blossomed.
     Second, remove the old leaves  All kinds of fruits and vegetables should be removed from the old leaves, dead leaves and diseased leaves in the lower part of the plant in time to prevent the field from being closed. This not only can reduce the nutrient consumption of the plant, but also effectively control the spread and spread of the disease, and is also conducive to ventilation and light transmission in the field, and promote the robust growth of the plant.
     Third, timely topdressing  Timely topdressing can provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth and development, which is the key to preventing plant aging. The best time for top dressing is after harvesting the fruit. Generally, it can be combined with irrigation to apply decomposed human excrement or nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 times. DAP 10 kg per acre topdressing cucumber, eggplant, 10 kg of urea per acre topdressing, pepper dressing fertilizer to be more appropriate, DAP per acre topdressing about 12 kg, but need to be water soluble fertilizer top dressing It is not advisable to dig the pits to avoid hurting the roots of the peppers.    Â
     Fourth, irrigation and cooling  In the hot summer months, irrigation can be carried out according to the weather and soil moisture. When irrigating, water should be poured to prevent the roots of the ridge from damaging the roots of the plants. At the same time, after the heavy rain, the drainage and flood control work should be done to ensure the normal growth and development of the seedlings.
     Five, disease prevention and control  For fruits and vegetables, pay attention to the early prevention and control of aphids. Generally, spray the leaves with 20 % of the pyrethroid emulsion 800-1000 times. For cucumber powdery mildew, 50 % thiophanate 800-1000 times solution or 25 % powder rust WP 1200 times solution can be used for spraying. For cucumber downy mildew, 40 % ethyl phosphorus aluminum 300-400 times liquid or 25 % toxic mildew can be used. 1000 times liquid spray control. The control of tomato gray mold can be sprayed with 75 % chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times, or 50 % thiophanate WP 500 times. To prevent and cure eggplant plague, it can be sprayed with 75 % chlorothalonil 700 times solution or 50 % chlorhexidine 500 times solution at the beginning of the disease. It should be sprayed once every 7-10 days for a total of 3-4 times. Spray evenly on the leaves and fruits to effectively control the progression of the disease.   Â
     Sixth, early harvest  Fruit and vegetable vegetables promote early harvesting, which can reduce nutrient consumption and prevent premature aging of plants. (Zhang Xiuling)
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