An international research team applied a new type of composite material to simplify the manufacturing steps of silicon solar cells and increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of undoped silicon cells to 19%.
At present, the main material of most solar panels is crystalline silicon. The crystal itself or the deposited layer above the crystal will be doped with some other metal atoms that can combine with silicon atoms to generate electrons and selectively generate electron holes, both of which enhance the conductivity of the crystal. The crystalline silicon solar cell after the doping process can have a conversion efficiency of more than 20%, while the undoped cell efficiency never exceeds 14%.
The doping process can increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion, but it will increase the complexity of the semiconductor components and degrade their performance, obstructing the next manufacturing process. The new mixed materials in the new study can be omitted from the doping process. In a simple seven-step process, new materials and simple coating processes can be combined to increase efficiency. As a visiting scholar at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, James &doch; Bloch wrote the relevant results as Nature's Energy in his capacity as the first author. He said: "The solar cell structure we manufacture It is simple and can effectively reduce costs."
In this study, the research team coated an ultra-thin molybdenum oxide material on the side of the solar cell facing the solar silicon wafer and used lithium fluoride on the back. The two coatings are only a few tens of nanometers thick and transparent, have complementary electronic structures, and are very suitable for use in solar cells.
Another member of the research team, Steven De Wolfe, said that the team discovered the effectiveness of molybdenum oxide a few years ago. This time, it used the solar cell manufacturing platform of the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, when it was applied to the silicon wafer layer. After the combination, the molybdenum oxide performed very well and made a surprising change in the standard process for making crystalline silicon solar cells.
The research team hopes that it will continue to test more materials to see if there are any better materials to improve conversion efficiency.
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