——Annual output exceeded 1 million tons The performance is approaching that of petroleum-based products Brazil's national chemical company (Braskem) recently released data showing that the annual output of bio-based polymers in the world has exceeded 1 million tons, and has passed an iconic threshold. . With the continuous advancement of technology, the performance of bio-based polyolefins and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products is now comparable to that of petroleum-based products, and the commercialization of bio-based products such as polycarbonate (PC) and other engineering plastics. It has also been put on the agenda. The latest research report of the Freedonia Group also shows that the global demand for bioplastics will increase significantly. For example, the average annual growth rate of bio-plastics demand in the United States will reach 20% by 2016, and by 2016, bio-plastics in the United States Demand will reach 250,000 tons, which is more than twice that of 2011, and the demand for non-degradable bioplastics will be nearly half. The development of the bio-based plastics industry seems to be no longer a little bit of thunder and rain.
The cost of polyolefins has become competitive. Bio-based polyethylene (PE) is the most successful bio-plastic product currently commercialized, and it is also the world's largest bio-based plastic. At present, bio-based PE accounts for about 28% of the market share of bio-plastics. Although compared with petroleum-based PE, bio-based PE currently has higher production costs due to higher production costs, making it 15%-20% higher than petroleum-based products, but for some specific target markets, such prices are still acceptable. According to industry insiders, as more and more bio-based PE manufacturers enter the market and the further development of technology, the problem of high selling prices of bio-based PEs is expected to be solved.
For example, Dow Chemical and Mitsui Chemicals Japan each invested 50% and plans to build the world’s largest biopolymer investment project in Brazil. The plant will be put into operation in 2015, and will produce 350,000 tons of PE resin per year for flexible packaging. Health and medical markets. Some analysts believe that the joint venture's business scope covers the entire industrial chain from sugar cane to biopolymers, so the production cost is expected to be close to petroleum-based products.
In addition to using local sugar cane ethanol as raw material for the production of ethylene and PE, Braskem also actively promotes the commercial production of bio-based polypropylene (PP). The 30,000 to 50,000 tons/year production plant currently under construction is expected to be in 2013. Put into production. Germany's LANXESS has previously stated that it will use Braskem's bio-based propylene to produce synthetic rubber. At present, Mazda Corporation in Japan has begun to explore the application of bio-PP in the automotive industry, and it plans to launch some cars using cellulose PP materials by 2013.
With the expansion of the application scope of bio-based polyolefins, the commercialization process will advance steadily. Industry insiders pointed out that due to the same performance as petroleum-based products, the production capacity of bio-based polyolefins will continue to expand in the future, and will steadily increase the global production of bioplastics. The throne of the first.
PLA is expected to expand the use of polylactic acid (PLA) is the world's most widely used biodegradable bio-based materials. As a green alternative to polystyrene, PLA has been used to make yogurt cups and other food containers, plastic bags, and more. Due to the stable application, the size of the PLA device is also generally in the 100,000-ton range, and NatureWorks’ US-based 140,000-ton/year PLA production facility has been operating smoothly for many years. Prakick's 75,000-ton/year PLA production facility in Thailand this year 2 The month has also been put into production. In addition, NatureWorks will also build a 140,000-ton/year PLA production facility in Thailand, and plans to start production in 2015.
Although the performance is somewhat poor and the production cost is still constraining the further commercialization of PLA, the industry is still optimistic about the prospects of PLA. Many experts believe that there is still room for reduction in the cost of PLA, and the performance of PLA can be improved by blending or adding modifiers to petroleum-based products. The continuous improvement of technology has also greatly improved the PLA's own performance. For example, in April of this year, Praklam announced that PLA's products can be stabilized at 80°C to 150°C after adopting the company's unique technology, thus further expanding the application of PLA in food packaging.
The start of pilot commercialization of PET Compared with bio-based polyolefins, the commercialization of 100% bio-based PET has lagged behind, but related preparations and research work have also been carried out in an orderly manner.
With the strong promotion of many food companies, bio-based ethylene glycol produced from sugarcane ethylene has been widely used in the production of PET. Today, these companies are actively exploring the use of biomass to produce PET, another synthetic raw material, terephthalic acid (PTA), followed by the introduction of bio-based PET, which is fully synthesized from renewable materials.
Coca-Cola has promised that 100% of its PET containers will use biomaterials by 2020. In order to achieve this goal, in December 2011, Coca-Cola and the American biotechnology company Gevo and Virent signed an agreement to develop a commercial-scale biosynthetic paraxylene process and achieve the greenization of PTA raw materials.
Japan Toray also actively conducts commercial trials of bio-based PET. In 2011, Toray successfully used Gevo's bio-based para-xylene to produce pure bio-based PET for the first time in the world. Recently, Toray signed a contract with Gevo to give priority to the purchase of bio-based paraxylene manufactured by Gevo for the small-scale production of bio-based PET. Toray will develop bio-based PET volume production technology through this cooperation and plans to launch commercialized products in 2013.
PC and PHA still have a long way to go. Plastic products such as PCs and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced from biological raw materials are also receiving market attention. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve full commercialization. go.
The production of PC from biomass-produced isosorbide does not require the use of toxic ** and widely controversial bisphenol A in comparison with traditional chemical methods. Both Mitsubishi and Roquette have plans to use it. Develop this product. However, they all indicated that their economy and quality need to be improved.
Earlier this year, ADM decided to withdraw from the 50,000-ton/year PHA project that was co-produced with Metabolix, due to uncertain market prospects. It is reported that PHA products are currently about US$1.65/kg higher than similar plastics.
The cost of polyolefins has become competitive. Bio-based polyethylene (PE) is the most successful bio-plastic product currently commercialized, and it is also the world's largest bio-based plastic. At present, bio-based PE accounts for about 28% of the market share of bio-plastics. Although compared with petroleum-based PE, bio-based PE currently has higher production costs due to higher production costs, making it 15%-20% higher than petroleum-based products, but for some specific target markets, such prices are still acceptable. According to industry insiders, as more and more bio-based PE manufacturers enter the market and the further development of technology, the problem of high selling prices of bio-based PEs is expected to be solved.
For example, Dow Chemical and Mitsui Chemicals Japan each invested 50% and plans to build the world’s largest biopolymer investment project in Brazil. The plant will be put into operation in 2015, and will produce 350,000 tons of PE resin per year for flexible packaging. Health and medical markets. Some analysts believe that the joint venture's business scope covers the entire industrial chain from sugar cane to biopolymers, so the production cost is expected to be close to petroleum-based products.
In addition to using local sugar cane ethanol as raw material for the production of ethylene and PE, Braskem also actively promotes the commercial production of bio-based polypropylene (PP). The 30,000 to 50,000 tons/year production plant currently under construction is expected to be in 2013. Put into production. Germany's LANXESS has previously stated that it will use Braskem's bio-based propylene to produce synthetic rubber. At present, Mazda Corporation in Japan has begun to explore the application of bio-PP in the automotive industry, and it plans to launch some cars using cellulose PP materials by 2013.
With the expansion of the application scope of bio-based polyolefins, the commercialization process will advance steadily. Industry insiders pointed out that due to the same performance as petroleum-based products, the production capacity of bio-based polyolefins will continue to expand in the future, and will steadily increase the global production of bioplastics. The throne of the first.
PLA is expected to expand the use of polylactic acid (PLA) is the world's most widely used biodegradable bio-based materials. As a green alternative to polystyrene, PLA has been used to make yogurt cups and other food containers, plastic bags, and more. Due to the stable application, the size of the PLA device is also generally in the 100,000-ton range, and NatureWorks’ US-based 140,000-ton/year PLA production facility has been operating smoothly for many years. Prakick's 75,000-ton/year PLA production facility in Thailand this year 2 The month has also been put into production. In addition, NatureWorks will also build a 140,000-ton/year PLA production facility in Thailand, and plans to start production in 2015.
Although the performance is somewhat poor and the production cost is still constraining the further commercialization of PLA, the industry is still optimistic about the prospects of PLA. Many experts believe that there is still room for reduction in the cost of PLA, and the performance of PLA can be improved by blending or adding modifiers to petroleum-based products. The continuous improvement of technology has also greatly improved the PLA's own performance. For example, in April of this year, Praklam announced that PLA's products can be stabilized at 80°C to 150°C after adopting the company's unique technology, thus further expanding the application of PLA in food packaging.
The start of pilot commercialization of PET Compared with bio-based polyolefins, the commercialization of 100% bio-based PET has lagged behind, but related preparations and research work have also been carried out in an orderly manner.
With the strong promotion of many food companies, bio-based ethylene glycol produced from sugarcane ethylene has been widely used in the production of PET. Today, these companies are actively exploring the use of biomass to produce PET, another synthetic raw material, terephthalic acid (PTA), followed by the introduction of bio-based PET, which is fully synthesized from renewable materials.
Coca-Cola has promised that 100% of its PET containers will use biomaterials by 2020. In order to achieve this goal, in December 2011, Coca-Cola and the American biotechnology company Gevo and Virent signed an agreement to develop a commercial-scale biosynthetic paraxylene process and achieve the greenization of PTA raw materials.
Japan Toray also actively conducts commercial trials of bio-based PET. In 2011, Toray successfully used Gevo's bio-based para-xylene to produce pure bio-based PET for the first time in the world. Recently, Toray signed a contract with Gevo to give priority to the purchase of bio-based paraxylene manufactured by Gevo for the small-scale production of bio-based PET. Toray will develop bio-based PET volume production technology through this cooperation and plans to launch commercialized products in 2013.
PC and PHA still have a long way to go. Plastic products such as PCs and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced from biological raw materials are also receiving market attention. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve full commercialization. go.
The production of PC from biomass-produced isosorbide does not require the use of toxic ** and widely controversial bisphenol A in comparison with traditional chemical methods. Both Mitsubishi and Roquette have plans to use it. Develop this product. However, they all indicated that their economy and quality need to be improved.
Earlier this year, ADM decided to withdraw from the 50,000-ton/year PHA project that was co-produced with Metabolix, due to uncertain market prospects. It is reported that PHA products are currently about US$1.65/kg higher than similar plastics.
According to the attributes of nuts, there are national standard (GB) , German standard (Din) , international standard (ISO) , Japanese Standard (Jis) , American Standard (Astm/ansi) and other standards. Among them, GB, DGB and JGB are denoted by M (for example, M8, M16) , while the American and British systems are denoted by fractions or # (for example, 8 # , 10 # , 1/4,3/8) . Sentence is too long, please supply a shorter sentence
Nut Material: Carbon Steel, stainless steel, copper, alloy, etc
Stainless steel hexagon nuts (GB6170/DIN934) , thin nuts (GB6172/DIN439) , heavy nuts (metric and us) , nylon lock nuts (Din 985-din 982 thick) , all-metal lock nuts (din 980m) , cap nuts (din 1587) , flange nut (GB6177/DIN6923) , flange nut nylon lock nut (DIN6926) , four-corner welding nut (DIN928) , hexagon welding nut (Din929) , butterfly cap (GB62, Din315, US) , k cap and so on. Specification: M1.6-M64
Nut Specification nut specification table is specific and detailed to unify all kinds of nuts, with the table to some of the nuts out of the specifications. There are many types of nuts, there are different materials of nuts. Each kind of nut has the different specification, each kind of screw also has it to have the mechanical performance and the function.
Dome Nuts,Ss Nut Bolt,Metal Nut,Stainless Steel Bolts And Nuts
Nantong Safe Yawl Import &Export Co.,Ltd , https://www.ntsyspring.com