In theory, substances that can burn and produce energy can basically be used as fuel for fuel cells. In the long experiment and feasibility study, the following substances are ideally used as fuel for fuel cells: hydrogen (H2) , methanol (CH3OH), gasoline and other types of hydrocarbons. The working principle of the fuel cell is shown in the figure; the following is a brief description of several common substances:
Hydrogen (H2)
Hydrogen (H2) is a fuel cell** fuel. The direct use of hydrogen can greatly simplify the fuel cell auxiliary system, improve efficiency, and emit zero. However, at present, the hydrogen production process is complicated and the cost is high. If hydrogen is generated by using salt as a raw material to obtain chlor-alkali, the cost can be reduced.
2. Methanol (CH3OH)
Methanol is a major fuel cell fuel, and the most common and cheapest is to use natural gas as a feedstock to produce methanol. The storage, storage, addition, carrying and transportation of natural gas are inconvenient. After converting it into liquid methanol, storage, storage, charging, carrying and transportation are much more convenient than hydrogen. Methanol has a large energy density (Wh/L), and high-purity methanol has a single composition, which can be reformed at a lower temperature to simplify the reforming process, thereby simplifying the fuel processing process and equipment. However, on the light and micro FCEVs, due to the large size and quality of the current reforming system equipment, the feasibility of using fuel cells is significantly reduced.
3. <br> gasoline gasoline as a motor fuel to more than 100 years of history, but as an internal combustion engine vehicles to fuel, gasoline is converted into heat in the car driving force efficiency is only about 11%. If the gasoline is reformed into hydrogen for the fuel cell as a fuel, and then the FCEV is driven by the transmission system, the efficiency of converting the heat of the gasoline into the driving force of the automobile can reach about 34%, almost more than three times.
4. Other types of fuel used <br> except hydrogen and methanol fuel, University of Pennsylvania and then test hydrocarbon (methane) other than methanol as the fuel for fuel cells, but they are in the course of chemical reactions It is easy to produce carbon deposits and some polymers on the nickel positive electrode. After switching to a positive electrode sintered with a mixture of copper and ceramics, the problem of carbon deposits and some polymers on the positive electrode is effectively solved, so that hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, toluene, butene, butane are used as fuel cells. One of the fuels.
Ford Motor Company is also testing the use of gasoline and diesel as fuel for fuel cells after reforming and converting it to hydrogen. International Fuel Cell Corporation and Toshiba Corporation of Japan jointly developed gasoline-fueled fuel cells, and also participated in the research and development of the US Department of Energy's 50kW IFC and PEMFC gasoline fuel cell systems.
Hydrogen (H2)
Hydrogen (H2) is a fuel cell** fuel. The direct use of hydrogen can greatly simplify the fuel cell auxiliary system, improve efficiency, and emit zero. However, at present, the hydrogen production process is complicated and the cost is high. If hydrogen is generated by using salt as a raw material to obtain chlor-alkali, the cost can be reduced.
2. Methanol (CH3OH)
Methanol is a major fuel cell fuel, and the most common and cheapest is to use natural gas as a feedstock to produce methanol. The storage, storage, addition, carrying and transportation of natural gas are inconvenient. After converting it into liquid methanol, storage, storage, charging, carrying and transportation are much more convenient than hydrogen. Methanol has a large energy density (Wh/L), and high-purity methanol has a single composition, which can be reformed at a lower temperature to simplify the reforming process, thereby simplifying the fuel processing process and equipment. However, on the light and micro FCEVs, due to the large size and quality of the current reforming system equipment, the feasibility of using fuel cells is significantly reduced.
3. <br> gasoline gasoline as a motor fuel to more than 100 years of history, but as an internal combustion engine vehicles to fuel, gasoline is converted into heat in the car driving force efficiency is only about 11%. If the gasoline is reformed into hydrogen for the fuel cell as a fuel, and then the FCEV is driven by the transmission system, the efficiency of converting the heat of the gasoline into the driving force of the automobile can reach about 34%, almost more than three times.
4. Other types of fuel used <br> except hydrogen and methanol fuel, University of Pennsylvania and then test hydrocarbon (methane) other than methanol as the fuel for fuel cells, but they are in the course of chemical reactions It is easy to produce carbon deposits and some polymers on the nickel positive electrode. After switching to a positive electrode sintered with a mixture of copper and ceramics, the problem of carbon deposits and some polymers on the positive electrode is effectively solved, so that hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, toluene, butene, butane are used as fuel cells. One of the fuels.
Ford Motor Company is also testing the use of gasoline and diesel as fuel for fuel cells after reforming and converting it to hydrogen. International Fuel Cell Corporation and Toshiba Corporation of Japan jointly developed gasoline-fueled fuel cells, and also participated in the research and development of the US Department of Energy's 50kW IFC and PEMFC gasoline fuel cell systems.
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