Pesticide refers to pesticides used in agriculture to control pests and diseases, and to regulate plant growth and weeding. The following is a brief introduction to the dosage form and characteristics of pesticides compiled by the percent network. I hope to help you!
Common dosage forms and characteristics of pesticides
First, the powder is usually composed of active ingredients, fillers, and a small amount of additives. It is mainly used as a low-concentration powder for powder spraying. It is an ancient dosage form. Later, it developed a high-concentration powder for seed dressing and toxic soil. Powder characteristics: easy to use, fine medicine, high spreading efficiency, labor saving, low processing cost, especially suitable for areas with difficult water supply and prevention of explosive diseases.
2. The wettable powder is a very fine pesticide preparation containing the original drug , carrier and filler, surfactant, auxiliary agent and pulverized. Powder characteristics: a powdery dosage form that is easily wetted by water and can be dispersed and suspended in water. The water can be diluted to a stable, dispersible suspension for spraying. The fineness and particle size distribution of the powder, the type and amount of the auxiliary agent, the type of the carrier, the storage time, the temperature, the pressure at which the product is stacked, the water quality used, and the water temperature all affect the suspension rate of the preparation.
3. Soluble powder refers to a new dosage form in which the active ingredient can be rapidly decomposed and completely dissolved in water at the concentration used, and its appearance is mostly fluid granularity. The preparation consists of the original drug, the filler and an appropriate amount of auxiliary agent. The formulation looks like a wettable powder, and the active ingredient content is generally higher than the wettable powder. Soluble powder characteristics: high content of active ingredients, good chemical stability during storage, low processing and storage costs; uniform distribution of active ingredients in water, more effective than wettable powders, suspoemulsions and even emulsifiable concentrates; The dosage form also saves packaging and transportation costs. In addition, the waste packaging is easy to handle, is not easy to be damaged and burned during storage and transportation, does not contain organic solvents, is not easy to cause phytotoxicity and environmental pollution, and is safer than emulsifiable oil.
4. The granule is a loose granular product, which is processed into a granular dosage form by the original drug, carrier and auxiliary agent. It is a multi-specified, multi-form, multi-purpose dosage form derived and developed from powder. Characteristics of granules: avoid dusting and polluting the surrounding environment when spreading; reduce the application process, avoid poisoning; make high pesticides low-toxic; control the release rate of active ingredients in granules, prolong the duration of application; Directionality, so that the granules that are spread can indeed reach the desired location; do not adhere to the stems and leaves of the plant, and avoid direct phytotoxicity.
5. Water-dispersible granules, also called suspension agents, are placed in water and can disintegrate and disperse rapidly to form a highly suspended dispersion system. Characteristics of water-dispersible granules: no dust flying, poisoning into medium and low poisoning, safe for operators; compared with wettable powders and suspending agents, high content of active ingredients, large relative density of products, small size, It brings great convenience to packaging, storage and transportation; it has good water dispersibility and high suspension rate. When it is used again on the next day, it can be resuspended to become a uniform suspension by stirring. Play a drug.
6. Suspending agent is a dispersion of anhydrous solid pesticide or unmixed pesticide in water or oil. It is a pesticide dosage form prepared by wet micro-pulverization of raw materials, auxiliary agents, thickeners, stabilizers, pH adjusters and antifoaming agents by using water as a dispersion medium. Suspending agent characteristics: It can be evenly mixed and dispersed with water at any ratio. It is not affected by water quality and water temperature. It is easy to use and not easy to pollute the environment. It can be sprayed directly or after dilution.
7. Emulsifiable oil is one of the basic dosage forms of pesticides. It is a homogeneous transparent oily liquid prepared by dissolving the original pesticide in a certain proportion in an organic solvent and adding a certain amount of a special emulsifier for pesticides. The difference between emulsifiable concentrate and emulsion: the emulsion contains a certain amount of water, the emulsifiable concentrate does not contain water; the emulsion is an opaque or translucent emulsion, the emulsifiable concentrate is a homogeneous transparent oily liquid; the emulsion is not as stable as emulsifiable concentrate, under variable temperature conditions Under the emulsion, the emulsion is prone to delamination, while the emulsifiable concentrate does not stratify.
How to use pesticides
First, powder. Powder is not easy to dissolve in water, generally can not be sprayed with water, low-concentration powder for powder spraying, high-concentration powder for preparation of poisonous soil, poison bait, seed dressing and soil treatment. The powder is convenient to use and has high work efficiency, and should be used when there is no wind or weak wind in the morning and evening.
Second, wettable powder. It has strong hygroscopicity and can be dispersed or suspended in water after adding water. Can be used for spray, bait and soil treatment.
Third, soluble powder (water solvent). It can be sprayed or poured directly onto the water.
Fourth, the emulsion (also known as emulsifiable concentrate). The emulsion is an emulsion after adding water, and can be used for spraying, pouring, seed dressing, soaking seeds, poisonous soil, and coating stems.
5. Ultra low volume preparation (oil agent). It is a direct-use spray agent. It is a special supporting pesticide for ultra-low-volume spray. It cannot be added with water.
Sixth, granules and microgranules. It is a pesticide formulation made of granules using pesticides and fillers. This dosage form is not easy to cause phytotoxicity. Mainly used for filling heart, spreading, point application, seed dressing, ditch application, etc.
7. Slow release agent. The slow release of pesticides during use can effectively extend the efficacy period. Therefore, the residual effect period is prolonged and the pollution and toxicity are reduced. The usage is generally the same as granules.
Eight, smoke agent. The smoke agent is a fine powder or a spindle made of a pesticide, a fuel, an oxidant, a combustion improver, or the like. This type of pesticide is vaporized by heat and condenses into solid particles in the air to form a smoke. It is mainly used to control forests, facilities, agricultural pests and warehouse pests.
Pesticide storage method
First, prevent decomposition. The place where the pesticide is stored should be cool, dry and ventilated. The temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is also necessary to keep away from the fire source to prevent the agent from decomposing at high temperature.
Second, to prevent evaporation. Since most pesticides are volatile, it is necessary to pay attention to the sealing measures when storing pesticides, to avoid volatilization, to reduce the efficacy, to pollute the environment, and to endanger human health.
Third, to prevent misuse. Pesticides should be concentrated in one place, marked, bottled pesticides broken, and the packaging should be replaced and labeled to prevent misuse.
Fourth, to prevent failure. Powder pesticides should be placed in a dry place to prevent moisture agglomeration and failure.
Fifth, to prevent poisoning. Pesticides should not be stored in the same room as grain, oil, beans, seeds, vegetables, food, and animal feed, with special care not to be placed where children can reach.
Sixth, to prevent deterioration. Pesticides should be classified and stored. According to chemical composition, pesticides can be divided into three categories: acidic, alkaline and neutral. These three types of pesticides should be stored separately, not too close to prevent the deterioration of pesticides; nor can they be stored together with alkaline substances, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium nitrate.
Seven, to prevent fires. Do not put pesticides and flammable and explosive materials together, such as smokers, gasoline, etc., to prevent fires.
Eight, to prevent freezing. Keep the temperature at a low temperature and keep the temperature above 1 °C. A common method of antifreeze is to cover the insulation with chopped firewood, clam shells or unused quilts.
9. Prevent pollution of the environment. A small amount of pesticide that has failed or remains cannot be dumped in the field, and it cannot be poured into ponds, streams, rivers or wells. It is also not possible to increase the concentration and use it. It should be deeply buried to avoid polluting the environment.
Ten, prevent sun exposure. Pesticides in brown bottles generally need to be stored in the dark. Pesticides that need to be protected from light, if exposed to light for a long time, will cause decomposition and deterioration of pesticides. For example, after the sunscreen of the emulsion pesticide, the emulsifying property is deteriorated and the efficacy is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid exposure to sunlight during storage.
XI. Prevent mixing. The pesticide is acid, medium and alkaline. Acidic dichlorvos, bromethrin, etc.; neutral triazophos, insecticidal double, 螟 净 ã€, sharp Jinte, etc.; alkaline Bordeaux mixture, stone sulphur mixture, agricultural streptomycin, thiabium copper and so on. These three different pesticides should be stored separately during storage in winter (preferably at least 2 meters apart), and the two kinds of agricultural drugs that cannot be used can not be mixed in one bottle to avoid failure.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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