Abstract At the recent China Photovoltaic Conference, Sun Guangbin, Secretary-General of the China Electromechanical Import and Export Chamber of Commerce, revealed that the United States is expected to reach out to China soon for a new round of discussions on the "double anti-dumping" measures imposed on Chinese solar products last year. These consultations aim to address trade disputes and potentially ease the restrictions currently affecting Chinese PV exports. The way China has been exporting photovoltaic products to the EU involves a "quota system," which has also raised concerns among industry players.
According to reports, China has taken a firm but constructive stance in these upcoming negotiations. It has outlined two key principles for the talks: first, the U.S. should revoke the allegations of "anti-dumping" and "countervailing" against Chinese solar companies made by SolarWorld; second, the previously set tax rates—ranging from 2.9% to 4.73% for countervailing duties and 31.14% to 249.96% for anti-dumping duties—should be canceled. If these discussions proceed, it could lead to renewed exports of Chinese PV cells and modules to the U.S., offering much-needed relief to the domestic solar industry.
In October 2011, the Solar Manufacturing Alliance (CASM), led by SolarWorld, filed a petition with the U.S. Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission, demanding import duties of over 100% on Chinese solar cells. This marked the beginning of a significant trade dispute.
In March 2012, the U.S. Department of Commerce released its preliminary findings on countervailing duties for Chinese PV products, setting the rate at 2.9% to 4.73%. Then, on May 17, 2012, the department announced its preliminary ruling on anti-dumping duties, with rates ranging from 31.14% to 249.96%. Analysts noted that the combined effect of these tariffs exceeded 35%, severely impacting the cost competitiveness of Chinese solar manufacturers.
As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, resolving these trade barriers will not only benefit Chinese producers but also support the broader development of the renewable energy sector worldwide.
According to reports, China has taken a firm but constructive stance in these upcoming negotiations. It has outlined two key principles for the talks: first, the U.S. should revoke the allegations of "anti-dumping" and "countervailing" against Chinese solar companies made by SolarWorld; second, the previously set tax rates—ranging from 2.9% to 4.73% for countervailing duties and 31.14% to 249.96% for anti-dumping duties—should be canceled. If these discussions proceed, it could lead to renewed exports of Chinese PV cells and modules to the U.S., offering much-needed relief to the domestic solar industry.
In October 2011, the Solar Manufacturing Alliance (CASM), led by SolarWorld, filed a petition with the U.S. Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission, demanding import duties of over 100% on Chinese solar cells. This marked the beginning of a significant trade dispute.
In March 2012, the U.S. Department of Commerce released its preliminary findings on countervailing duties for Chinese PV products, setting the rate at 2.9% to 4.73%. Then, on May 17, 2012, the department announced its preliminary ruling on anti-dumping duties, with rates ranging from 31.14% to 249.96%. Analysts noted that the combined effect of these tariffs exceeded 35%, severely impacting the cost competitiveness of Chinese solar manufacturers.
As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, resolving these trade barriers will not only benefit Chinese producers but also support the broader development of the renewable energy sector worldwide.
Super alloy castings refer to the production of components using superalloys—metal alloys designed to withstand high stresses, high temperatures, and often corrosive environments without losing their mechanical strength or stability. These materials typically include combinations of nickel, cobalt, chromium, and iron, and are known for their exceptional heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and strength at elevated temperatures.
Super alloy castings are crafted through processes like Investment Casting, which is ideal for achieving the complex shapes and high precision required in industries where superalloys are crucial. These industries often include aerospace, for turbine blades and jet engine parts; power generation, for boiler parts and gas turbine components; and the chemical industry, where equipment must resist corrosion by harsh chemicals at high temperatures.
These casting processes involve careful control of temperatures and material composition to ensure that the superalloys’ unique properties—such as resistance to thermal creep deformation, surface stability, and resistance to oxidation—are fully realized in the final product.
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