The birth of the world's first rice genome-wide breeding chip in China

China's birth of the world's first rice genome-wide breeding chip will help increase breeding efficiency and eliminate false seed damage

Recently, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd. subordinated China National Seed Group Co., Ltd., jointly with Huazhong Agricultural University and Peking University, jointly developed the world's first rice genome-wide breeding chip, which will significantly improve the accuracy of seed authenticity detection, help improve breeding efficiency, and eliminate falsehood. Seed hazards.

Nearly doubled breeding cycle

Dr. Yu Huihui of the Life Sciences and Technology Center of Zhongcai Company stated that the industry currently judges the authenticity of rice seeds using the 24 SSR marker test results recommended by the national standard, while the new rice gene chip can be judged using more than 5000 sites distributed in the whole genome. , can make the authenticity of the test results more accurate and reliable.

At the same time, the advantages of this gene chip in the background analysis of breeding materials can accurately determine the background of the intermediate material for breeding and accurately control it, thus helping the breeder to quickly select the characteristics of the material according to needs and significantly increase the rice breeding efficiency.

“Traditional breeding cycles are long and unpredictable, relying on the breeder’s experience and the naked eye. With this tool, we can move Daejeon to a laboratory and conduct large-scale precision screening, excluding more than 95% of individual plants, leaving a small amount of Single planting into the field greatly reduces field workload.” Yu Huihui said that the average breeding period of 8 to 10 years for a variety can now be completed within 3 to 5 years.

The successful development of the rice gene chip is one of the breakthroughs made by the Sino-Scientist Joint Research Institute and the establishment of a commercial breeding system. In recent years, Chinese seed companies have invested more than 5 billion yuan in the construction of a national seed life science and technology center, used genetic and other high-tech means, relied on commercial breeding models, accelerated the breeding process, cultivated good crop varieties, and ensured national seed industry and food security.

Seed industry innovation is imminent

The country is based on agriculture, farming and planting first. In recent years, although China's seed industry has achieved certain development, due to the late start and the low level of variety breeding and promotion, it is still in the primary development stage. According to calculations, at present, China's scientific and technological progress contributes 52% to agriculture, while developed countries account for more than 70%; improved varieties account for 43% of scientific and technological progress, and developed countries have more than 60%.

“Overall, the enterprises have a low ability to innovate in breeding, highlight problems in their variety and variety; the concentration of seed industry is low, and the problem of many small and scattered enterprises is outstanding. This is a prominent issue in the development of seed industry in China.” Glacier said there are still more than 7,000 seed companies operating in the country.

At the same time, ethnic seed industry is facing fierce international competition. The top 10 of the international seed industry have basically landed in China. The scope covers corn, wheat and other major food crops and cash crops such as vegetables and oil. Some foreign-funded enterprises are actively entering the field of rice crop seeds. Industry insiders pointed out that once the food crop seed market, variety breeding and seed industry system are controlled by foreign capital, China will pay a huge economic price and it will be difficult to ensure food security.

In April last year, China introduced opinions on accelerating the development of modern crop seed industry, positioning the seed industry as a national strategic and basic core industry, and demanding that industry-led, enterprise-based, base-based, production, research and development be established. Combining, breeding, pushing and pushing the modern crop seed industry system. This year's Central Document No. 1 also proposed that science and technology should promote agriculture and improve seed quality first, and from the perspective of ensuring the security of agricultural products (12.10, 0.22, and 1.85%) and improving the overall height of the work of agriculture, rural areas, and agriculture, the specific deployment of science and technology innovation in seed industry.

Constructing Commercial Breeding Model to Create Seed Carrier of Seed Industry

“The gap between us and the transnational seed industry is mainly reflected in the R&D segment. To close the gap and catch up, we must not only increase investment in R&D but also establish a market-oriented breeding operation mode,” said Zhang Xuegong, general manager of the Zhongcao Company.

As the only central enterprise in China that focuses on the business of crop seed industry, the Zhongcao Company sets breeding objectives based on agricultural planting needs, and uses high-end breeding platforms, first-class breeding talents and technologies. Based on global germplasm resources, modern enterprise management mechanisms are used to achieve intensive breeding resources, industrialization of breeding processes, large-scale breeding, and incentive-based marketing.

Through the establishment of a commercial breeding system, the medium-sized companies have cultivated a number of excellent varieties of rice and maize. A total of 28 self-developed corn varieties and 31 rice varieties were accredited and researched. The five rice varieties, two corn varieties, and three wheat varieties operated by its member companies were selected as the leading agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012. Three varieties were identified as super rice. . The company has established a five-dominant production base belt with a total area of ​​nearly 600,000 mu across the country, and produces about 190 million kg of high-quality commodity seeds each year. In the past three years, accumulatively promoted 100 million mu of cultivated area, which has become a core enterprise that guarantees stability for our country.

“Our goal is to enter into the top 10 of global seed industry from the scale of operation and comprehensive strength by the end of the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” and actively play a demonstration role in accelerating the national strategy of modern crop seed industry to ensure national food security. "Zhang Xuegong said.

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