Talking about the Traditional Courtyard of Chinese Traditional Architecture

The courtyard house, also known as the quadrangle room, is a traditional courtyard building of the Chinese Han nationality. Its pattern is a courtyard with houses built on all four sides, usually consisting of a main house, east-west rooms and inverted rooms, and the courtyard is enclosed in four sides. , named after the courtyard. The courtyard is closed by a house with a gated house in front of the courtyard. If it is in the shape of "kou", it is called a courtyard; the shape of "day" is called a courtyard; the shape of "me" is called a courtyard. Generally speaking, in the large house courtyard, the first entrance is the gatehouse, the second entrance is the hall, and the third entrance or rear entrance is the private room or the mortuary. It is the space for the activities of women or their relatives. Most people cannot enter freely. No wonder the ancients have a poem cloud. : "The courtyard is deep and deep." The deeper the courtyard, the more you can't glimpse it.

With the progress of society and the replacement of the times, the people of the world are left with endless innumerable flaws and chaos. Now all countries in the world are actively protecting the material and intangible heritage, although Beijing’s siheyuan It was not included in it, but its influence on the history and humanities of our country is also deep within the world. Beijing has also made tremendous efforts in this regard, especially Dongcheng District and Xicheng District have both done historical and cultural hutong protected areas. Of course, the relatively large factor involved in the construction of these yards is feng shui. What is feng shui?

Feng Shui theory was initially formed in the pre-Qin Dynasty. Fengshui gradually developed into the Tang and Song dynasties and formed a certain system and branches. It was divided into Jiangxi and Fujian schools. It is also called the situation school and the rational school. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the branches and leaves became more lush. Folks, royalty, Yangzhai, and cemeteries all pay attention to feng shui. The rapid development of modern science has made feng shui an environmental ecology rich in modern scientific spirit.

The I Ching is the general source of Chinese civilization. The three-year calendar is ancient, medieval, and ancient; the three saints are Fuxi, Wenwang and Confucius. Yi, Tai Chi; Tai Chi, Yin Yang. One yin and one yang said that if the people in the world do things in the world, they will not follow the “Tao.” Feng Shui is said to be the same.

Therefore, the source of feng shui theory came from Yi Chuan. However, both for phase surgery, what phase? "Let its yin and yang reflect on its flow," said in The Book of Songs and Gong Liu. The “gas” of all things is yin and yang, or yin or yang, and yin and yang are pushing each other. The feng shui can be considered as the observation of the yin and yang gas distribution and its changes. The yin-yang harmony is Kyrgyzstan, and the unconformity is fierce.

Guo Wei was praised as a patriarch of Feng Shui by later generations, and was buried in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Yangsong and Song Lingtai’s geography official. When the Huang Chao Uprising carried the Feng Shui **, “The Jade Scripture” secret escaped the people, after the “Green”. "Bao Aoyu"; Song Sima Toutuo with "Qiqi Xinyin"; the Ming Dynasty Jiang Dahong, based on the development of Yang Gong, "geographical dialectic"; Shen bamboo pipa in the late Qing dynasty, "Shen's Xuankong." The philosophers of the sages have made the learning of feng shui the same strain in the traditional culture of China. Feng Shui is a long-established and profound experience.

In addition to feng shui, mention of Beijing's courtyard houses, of course, its building structure, where wood played a major role. "Laozi" said: "The nine-story platform is used to make land." The basic meaning of building a foundation is to make buildings strong. The pillars that are the main supports on the top of the house are to be erected on the foundation. The wood used must be thick and resistant to rot. The traditional roof skeleton is mainly a wooden structure, which is divided into several parts such as 柁, 檩, 椽, and 枋. The role of the pillar is to support the girder. The girder is the horizontal skeleton that bears the greatest force on the roof, and is also called "柁". Because it is like a bridge that spans between two columns, it is named after picking up a lot of strength. The beam material is very important. The material needs to be solid, hard and tough. Pay attention to people use more coniferous trees, such as pine, yellow pine and other wood. Celebrities are not the only ones who use Jinsi Nan, and there are many civilians in the courtyard houses. In order to adapt to the cold weather conditions in the north in summer and rainy winter, the courtyard of Beijing Siheyuan has a herringbone shape, which allows it to drain quickly and keep warm. There are hanging posts on the beams to support the two gongs, three gongs, and on the other there are gongs and gongs, and the wooden truss becomes a ladder shape. After the roof is covered with mud tiles, it looks like a mountain peak from the side.

In the courtyard building, the ancient ancestors accumulated a complete set of wood structure manufacturing techniques through long-term practice. In order to secure the truss, the craftsmen used special methods to connect their parts together. Buckets, arches, gongs, and gongs are one of the most common objects. These parts play an important role in the wood structure. The bucket is a square wooden block that is divided into three parts: bucket ear, bucket waist and bucket bucket. It resembles the bucket of ancient food. The middle chiseled square hole is placed on the top of the column. The arches are mounted on the bucket with a bow or two like a ship-shaped wooden side, which is a long wooden side, tilted by the inclination of the bucket and the arch center, and its role is to provoke the front and pick the beam afterwards.æž‹ is used to connect disperse brackets into a single unit, which keeps the truss stable. With solid and strong columns, brackets, gongs, and beams, beams can take on rafts and dense rafts to make all wooden trusses a whole.

Today, these traditional courtyard houses contain the ancient history and humanistic spirit. It is like a weather-behind and speechless old man who guides future generations to pursue and realizes the splendor and splendid glory of the passing years. Beijing needs a courtyard house and China needs Culture, Chinese traditional culture can be better inherited and resolute!