Talking about the thermal insulation and fireproof performance of building exterior wall insulation materials. China has promoted the application of external wall insulation technology since the mid-1980s. With the development of external wall insulation technology, more and more insulation materials have been applied to external wall insulation. In the system, there are mainly three types of exterior wall insulation materials currently on the market: 1 inorganic materials (such as rock wool, vitrified beads, foamed cement, foam glass, etc.), such materials are incombustible materials; 2 organic materials ( For example, polystyrene EPS board, XPS board, polyurethane, furfural foam, etc.), such materials are flame retardant materials or flammable materials; 3 organic and inorganic composite materials (such as rubber powder polystyrene particles thermal insulation slurry, vitrification micro Beads EPS particle composite slurry, etc.), these materials are flame retardant materials.
Due to the large difference in climate between the north and the south of China, especially in the cold regions of northern China, the use of inorganic thermal insulation materials can no longer meet the requirements. In addition, considering the high price, large capacity, low strength and inconvenient construction of inorganic thermal insulation materials, it is in the cold regions of northern China. The external wall insulation material is basically made of organic insulation material, and the EPS board, XPS board, furfural composite board and polyurethane are used more. Especially need to point out the polyurethane material, polyurethane material is the best performance insulation material in the world. Polyurethane materials account for 49% of the building insulation materials in developed countries such as Europe and America, and the proportion of polyurethane materials in building insulation materials in China. Less than 10%, so polyurethane materials have a very broad space in China's exterior wall insulation materials market.
1. The requirements for the fire performance of foreign wall insulation materials. The second requirement of the civil building exterior insulation system and the temporary fire protection regulations for exterior wall decoration: the combustion performance of civil building exterior insulation materials should be Class A, and should not be lower than Class B2. .
Residential buildings should meet the following requirements: 1 For buildings with a height greater than or equal to 100m, the burning performance of the insulation materials should be Class A; 2 for buildings with a height greater than or equal to 60m and less than 100m, the burning performance of the insulation materials should not be lower than Grade B2. When B2 insulation materials are used, horizontal fire barriers shall be provided for each layer; 3 for buildings with heights greater than or equal to 24m and less than 60m, the combustion performance of the insulation materials shall not be lower than that of B2. When using B2 insulation material, horizontal fire barriers shall be provided for every two layers; for buildings with height less than 24m, the combustion performance of insulation materials shall not be lower than that of B2. Among them, when using B2 insulation materials, horizontal fire barriers should be provided for every three layers.
Other civil buildings shall meet the following requirements: 1 for buildings with a height of 50m or more, the burning performance of the thermal insulation materials shall be Class A; 2 for buildings with a height greater than or equal to 24m and less than 50m, the burning performance of the thermal insulation materials shall be Class A or Class B1. . Among them, when using B1 insulation material, horizontal fire barriers should be installed for every two layers; 3 for buildings with height less than 24m, the combustion performance of insulation materials should not be lower than B2. Among them, when using B2 insulation materials, horizontal fire barriers should be installed on each floor.
□ Jia Zhenqiang Due to frequent fires caused by external wall insulation materials in recent years, on March 14, 2011, the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China issued the “No. 65†document to further clarify the requirements for fire protection supervision and management of civil building exterior insulation materials. Notice, the article requires: civil building exterior insulation materials use materials with a burning performance of Class A.
2, the "contradictory" relationship between the insulation performance and fire performance of building exterior wall insulation materials. Considering the good insulation performance, most of the external wall insulation materials used in China's market are mostly organic materials, and the characteristics of organic materials determine this type. The combustion performance of the material is unlikely to reach Class A (non-combustibility level), only B1 (flame retardancy level); and the external wall insulation materials with combustion performance conforming to Class A are inorganic materials, while inorganic materials have thermal insulation properties. Poor, high price, low strength, inconvenient construction and many other shortcomings, this "do not use Class A materials, the policy is not allowed; the use of Class A materials, the insulation effect does not meet the requirements" situation makes many construction projects face a dilemma .
3. Reasons for fire on external wall insulation materials and suggestions. Careful analysis of fires caused by external wall insulation materials in recent years in China is not difficult to find. There are two main reasons for fire: most of the fires caused by external wall insulation materials occur during the construction process of external wall insulation. At this time, the materials were piled up on the spot in large quantities, and the quantity was relatively large and the materials were concentrated.
In the fire caused by external wall insulation materials, either due to electric welding, metal cutting, or material neglect management, but there is one thing in common: the burning performance of external wall insulation materials has not reached B1 level, better It can only reach the B2 level, and some of the B2 grades are not available. It is a flammable product, indicating that the material exists in the phenomenon of sub-filling.
Strengthen the supervision of the insulation materials for the incoming wall, and require all the materials entering the site to be witnessed and tested, and the fire level is allowed to enter the field.
Appropriately relax the requirements for fire performance of civil building exterior insulation materials, from Class A to Class B1.
In order to meet the requirements of China's energy saving and the purpose of preventing fires, combined with the status quo of foreign wall insulation materials and the cause of fire on external wall insulation materials, the author believes that the method of preventing fire from external wall insulation materials does not necessarily require the combustion performance of external wall insulation materials. A level is reached. As long as the supervision is effective, the combustion performance of the external wall insulation material can truly reach the level of B1 or above. If the on-site material management is orderly, the fire caused by the external wall insulation material can be completely eliminated. (Author: Dalian Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute)
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