New energy vehicles have become the focus of 2014.
In recent years, with the increasing environmental pressure and the scarcity of petroleum resources, the development of new energy vehicles has become an important direction of national strategic development.
The development of industry is inseparable from the support of technology. In the current era of economic globalization, if there is no core technology to support the development of its own industry, it will often be eliminated by the times, and even can only be imitated and copied.
From the rise of Tesla to the rush of the world's major automakers to launch their own new energy products, all show great potential for new energy. However, China has not yet been able to explore the most suitable development direction in the new energy field, which is expected by Chinese automakers and is expected to make Chinese cars “over the cornerâ€.
According to incomplete statistics, in the first four months of this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 10,000, reaching 10,501 units, an increase of 154% year-on-year. Among them, the monthly growth rate in April was 251%. In May, new energy vehicles produced 3,770 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 98.32%. Among them, 1014 plug-in hybrid passenger cars were produced, up 567.11% year-on-year; 539 plug-in hybrid commercial vehicles were down 4.26% year-on-year; 1851 pure electric passenger cars were produced, up 176.68% year-on-year; pure electric 366 commercial vehicles, a year-on-year decrease of 29.21%.
Wang Binggang, a major project supervision expert of the National 863 “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehiclesâ€, said that by the end of 2015, China plans to promote 330,000 new energy vehicles, covering 88 cities in 26 provinces. From January to February 2014, the total amount of new energy vehicles in China was less than 3,000. The promotion and application still face some problems.
Wang Shuili, Marketing Director of Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the reporter of China Sankei Shimbun: "Because everyone knows about new energy vehicles is not enough, only through the related activities of enterprises to let consumers turn their attention to new On the energy car."
New energy vehicles are the focus of subsidies for the new energy vehicle industry by the state and local governments. However, Li Weidou, the general manager of FAW Import and Export Co., said: "At present, China's technical standards are over-reliant on European standards, making European companies have more technological advantages than their own brands, and they are able to "drive straight into the market". extrusion."
Battery is the bottleneck China's new energy vehicles started earlier, but the core technology is still lacking. The core components of battery technology still have a big gap with multinational auto companies.
Although most domestic car companies have three core technologies of battery, motor and electronic control, the advantages of electric vehicles are not obvious, and some battery and motor technologies use outsourcing strategies, which makes it difficult to form core competitiveness.
Battery technology is the biggest obstacle to the development of new energy vehicles.
At present, the hottest Tesla market is only using existing battery technology, and there has been no breakthrough in the update of battery technology.
It is understood that there are three main types of batteries used in new energy vehicles: lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries, in addition to different types of fuel cells.
At the moment, the most widely used is lithium battery technology. Lithium batteries support fast charging, especially power lithium batteries, but there is no fast power supply. If you use ordinary 220V charging, the current is amazing.
Take BYD E6 pure electric vehicle as an example, its battery type is lithium iron cobalt cobalt battery, with a battery capacity of 200Ah and a nominal voltage of 316.8V. Normal 1C speed, when the voltage is 220V, the current on the high voltage side is 287A. If you want to charge quickly, such as 2C, 3C, the current should be doubled. 3C is 861A. What kind of line can bear? Even if the speed is 0.1C, It is also a current of 28.7A. This means parking the car in your own garage, plugging in the charger and charging it slowly, 10 hours to fill, and the current is also nearly 30A, then the wire needs to be modified. If there are more electric vehicles in the community, it will be completely modified.
If it is at a dedicated charging station, use high voltage for fast charging, such as 1Kv, the current can be reduced to 63A, and the 3C rate is 189A. However, the cost is extremely high, and it requires professional operation - this is not the 220V plug-in for household use - high voltage and high current, which requires trained personnel to connect. High voltage is a kind of car and charger. test.
The problems of not keeping up with supporting facilities and replacing batteries are plagued by the development of new energy vehicles. According to statistics, there are currently 65 electric vehicle charging and replacing stations in Beijing, including 1048 charging piles, 216 scattered piles and 1,264 charging piles. However, these are far from meeting the growing new energy vehicles. Achieve the need for convenient charging.
According to the "Beijing 2013-2017 Motor Vehicle Emission Pollution Control Work Plan", Beijing will establish 2,120 charging piles this year to facilitate new energy vehicles to "refuel" at any time. In the next few years, such facilities will also be more and more. This year alone, 86 gas stations will be built, 42 power stations will be replaced, and 30,980 charging stations will be built. By 2017, the construction standard for charging piles in the urban center area is that the charging pile can be found within 5 km. “If you can charge in the parking space of your own community, it will be a lot easier.†Sun Xiaochang, who has been shaking for a long time, has begun to consider new energy vehicles. “I heard that it takes tens of thousands of dollars to install a charging pile. If the owner of the car is responsible for spending another tens of thousands of dollars to buy a car, it is not worthwhile."
In addition, with the rising domestic sales of new energy vehicles, the recycling and reuse of new energy vehicles' power batteries has also been put on the agenda.
“In general, the capacity of a power battery below 80% can no longer be used in new energy vehicles, but this does not mean that the battery that has been scrapped has lost value. It can also be used as a related power base station and street light, low speed. On the electric body. Yin Chengliang, deputy dean of the Shanghai Jiaotong University Automotive Engineering Research Institute, said in an interview.
Yang Yusheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, once said to the media: "All batteries are chemicals. In the process of raw material extraction and processing, battery production, and waste battery disposal, if the system is not strict, mismanagement, and backward technology, it may pollute the environment. For example, Everyone says that lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly, but the pollution of lithium batteries in production and processing deserves everyone's attention."
In addition to the environmental issues of the battery itself, the use of electrical energy does not necessarily reduce pollution. “The energy consumption per 100 kilometers of new energy vehicles is equivalent to 5.5-6.5 kilograms of standard coal, and the carbon dioxide emitted is equivalent to burning 7.5-9 liters of oil. If it is not clean power generation, but it is generated by traditional coal burning, it is only pollution. Places," said Yang Yusheng.
According to foreign experience, both GM and Nissan have successfully used power battery ladders. "However, as far as I know, all the work involved in this aspect is still in the theoretical stage." The founder of China Battery Network (micro-number: mybattery) told the reporter, "The state should introduce relevant policies to take the lead in establishing and Encourage enterprises to participate and jointly improve the recycling and utilization of power batteries, so as to avoid the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by insufficient recycling of lead-acid batteries."
Technological innovation is the only way out. Chen Qingtai, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Economic Committee, said: "After the global financial crisis, automobile manufacturers and giant automobile companies around the world have been developing and investing in electric vehicles. However, China's electric vehicles The industrialization process has slowed down at this stage, forming a big contrast. Although our country has timely adopted energy-saving and new energy vehicles as a major national strategy, and launched the world's largest electric vehicle ten to date. The demonstration project of the city's thousand vehicles, but the mainstream automobile supply and consumption in China still have a strong wait-and-see attitude towards electric vehicles. After more than 100 years of tempering, the fuel vehicles have formed technical routes, consumption habits, especially established interests. The chain has great inertia and social influence. Without sufficient incentives and forced forces, it is difficult to break through the existing pattern. In the face of the most important changes in automotive technology in the past 100 years, industrialization and marketization, why are the supply and demand sides? Because of the industrialization dilemma."
When the electric vehicle industrialization came to the forefront, it actually faced two major difficulties.
One is that the current replacement of electric vehicles with fuel vehicles is not due to the production and consumption of fuel vehicles. Therefore, producers and consumers do not have the urgency to speed up the substitution and lack the power of introspection. On the other hand, in the early stage of industrialization, there is always a problem that the technology is still immature, and the market scale is difficult to expand; without a large-scale market test, the technology is difficult to mature. This has become a problem of mutual constraints.
Moreover, the popularity of users is low, who is willing to build infrastructure? Without the improvement of infrastructure, who is willing to buy a car? The industry scale is not going up, how can the production cost drop? High car prices, who cares?... So, There is a series of confusions about "chickens first or eggs first."
Of course, this situation is not unique to China, and almost all automobile producing countries have encountered it. This is why governments around the world have become the first drivers of electric vehicles.
In a certain sense, China's electric vehicles are currently in the midst of this industrialization. The current task is to make the government's visible hand and the invisible hand of the market cleverly cooperate to guide enterprises and consumers to overcome difficulties and create a new future.
At present, the Chinese government has issued the “Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan†in the Chinese market, which is recognized as the world's most promising new energy vehicle. In response, China has established an inter-ministerial joint conference system for energy-saving and new-energy automotive industry development planning, and launched 25 new energy vehicle industry technology innovation projects.
On July 22, Japanese media reported that Japan will rapidly promote the most technologically advanced and most difficult hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in new energy vehicles in its country. This technology will cross the hybrid, plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles, like the "triple jump" directly into the so-called "ultimate eco-car" stage of the Japanese media.
“The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is environmentally friendly and has a long battery life. However, due to its unstable nature and high cost, it has not been commercialized,†said senior auto analyst Jia Xinguang. “This technology requires a lot of investment and verification. However, he did not rule out that this technology may be like a mobile phone evolution, a technological revolution, may be material or technical.
According to industry insiders, in the global new energy vehicle market, pure electric vehicles may still develop for a long time, and the Japanese auto industry itself is unique. If you do not follow the Tesla open platform technology, it may eventually become "high and low". situation.
However, no matter what position Japan is in the field of new energy vehicle development, this attempt to innovate in technology is conducive to the development of new energy fields.
Some experts in the industry have said that they can buy technology and products on the shoulders of giants, but it is certain that these purchased technologies and products are not the latest technology. In other words, if you simply buy it, even if it is completely digested, it is just a technology that people have eliminated or are already using. On the other hand, the reason why the public can launch a successful one is that Volkswagen has its own exclusive technology and is the industry leader in technology, which also makes its brand recognized.
Song Jian, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Conservation, said: "Car companies also need to break through the bottleneck of battery technology and have a technical reserve. How can we make the application of electricity safe, mainly pay attention to battery maintenance, because the power supply of several hundred volts in the car body Improper operation will endanger life. Although local car companies have not been able to make money from new energy vehicles, if they continue to develop and break through battery technology, they will break out of the market. Therefore, car companies should pay attention to technology reserves and battery technology. Breakthrough, mass production can be launched on the whole vehicle. Therefore, whether it is FAW, the second auto, like Changan, Beiqi, like JAC, Chery, Geely are doing, are developing their own electric vehicles, no one does not Doing it, including being like BYD, is also doing."
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