18.897 billion tons, which is the resource reserves of iron ore mining areas that have been proven to be exploitable in China. This scale is nearly 20 times the total demand for iron ore in China's steel industry in 2010. Why does the Chinese steel industry with so many iron ore reserves suffer from the frequent monopoly of overseas iron ore? And it continues to stage a scene of crazy prospecting that is not worth the price overseas. The data obtained by the relevant industry associations may be It can highlight the above contradictions. Since 2005, China's large and medium-sized steel companies, including Wuhan Iron and Steel, Shougang, Sinosteel, and Heavy Steel, have invested in 27 overseas joint ventures. These overseas mines are expected to reach 1.5 iron ore equity mines each year in China. Billion tons. In contrast, the number of mines built in China in recent years is only 15 and the production capacity is 98.5 million tons. In fact, with the continuous increase in international iron ore prices, domestic iron ore has become one of the battlegrounds for steel companies to compete for, but the momentum of steel mills in the domestic exploration is not only strong, but also few successful cases. About half of China's mines are embraced by private companies and investors who are engaged in mining investment and mining. In this way, a strange phenomenon has quietly formed: domestic mines are moving away from steel mills. Zou Jian, consultant of China Metallurgical and Mining Enterprise Association and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Sinochem Engineering, said that the formation of the above situation is not only caused by history, but also has a great relationship with the domestic mine development system. At present, the situation of state financial prospecting needs to be changed urgently. China should promote the establishment of a “mining board†venture investment system, which is an inevitable choice in the context of iron ore financialization. Local protection deterred steel mills Before the start of the iron ore price hike in 2002, the proportion of domestically produced mines in steel mines was about 80%. In fact, the living conditions of domestic mines at that time were very difficult. However, some steel companies also used the mining company as a baggage for stripping, and the mining of domestic mines was once unattended. But as China joined the iron ore negotiations, prices climbed all the way, and the waking steel mills began to return to domestic mines. At this time, there are few opportunities left for steel mills. Since the 1980s, WISCO has been looking for resources all over the country. But so far, there have been few resources for WISCO to be implemented outside of Hubei Province. A recent failure example is the Anhui Huoqiu Iron Mine, which has worked hard for many years and was eventually won by Nangang. Even Nangang did not take the entire iron ore in this area. Most of the Huoqiu iron ore mine was allocated to the Maanshan Iron and Steel Group by the local government, and this configuration is conditional. Huoqiu Iron Mine is located in Lu'an City, Anhui Province. It has proven reserves of 1.68 billion tons and prospective reserves of more than 2 billion tons. It ranks fifth in the country and first in East China. It is the only large-scale iron ore enrichment area newly developed in China. . In the communication between the development of Huoqiu iron ore several times from 2006 to 2007, the local government of Lu'an made a request to Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. to strive for the construction of a steel mill in the local area. A bigger idea of ​​the local government is to relocate Hefei Steel, a city-type steel mill under Ma Steel, to Lu'an. However, the plan for the relocation of Hegang to Huoqiu was not completed, and Maanshan was only one of the Huoqiu iron ore mines. Since then, Shougang has been introduced to Shougang, on the condition that Shougang will cooperate with Anhui First Mine Dachang Metal Materials Co., Ltd. to carry out strategic cooperation with the Lu'an Municipal Government of Anhui Province to implement the Huoqiu Iron Mine Deep Processing Project. In fact, the first developer introduced by Huoqiu Iron Mine was a private enterprise from Hebei, which was later renamed Anhui Dachang Mining Group. Due to Dachang Group's large-scale investment in the local area, Lu'an City, which had a revenue of only 700 million yuan in 2009, actually took out 600 million yuan to reward Dachang Group. In this way, an iron ore project that seems to have been developed in the eyes of experts has been split into several small mine projects within a few years. Whether it is a large mine or a small mine, it is a phenomenon that big steel mills cannot obtain mining rights. In 2009, there was a sensation in the large iron ore mine in the Daxigou, Benxi, Liaoning Province. It was once cited by the China Iron and Steel Association as an important bargaining chip for iron ore negotiations. It was eventually taken by a private enterprise named Shenzhen Yizhongxin Mining Investment Co., Ltd. under. Zou Jian said that there are still many unfair competitions in the development of domestic mines. In terms of resource acquisition, large steel mills are not as flexible as small companies in terms of unspoken rules. "The national policy is to open large mines and support more advantageous steel. The factory develops mines. However, the local government does not consider this. It is necessary to build a steel plant here. Anyway, the approval authority for mining is in the local government.†The status of internal mines being financed by domestic mines, and the current iron ore exploration is still continuing. The historical system of the past years is also unrelated. Mine exploration is supported by the state finance, and then the bidding and auction is carried out. The exploration belongs to the state and the resources belong to the state, but the actual mining, disposal and income rights are mainly in the locality. At the same time, along with the continuous increase in international iron ore prices, domestic mines have become the main source of revenue for some local governments. It is worth noting that iron ore mines have been well received by the investment community due to the scarcity of large iron ore mines recently discovered in China. At the beginning of 2010, the Liangzhuo Iron Mine in Anfu County, Ji'an, Jiangxi Province was auctioned at a price of 1.46 billion. The average grade of the iron ore is less than 28%. It is an iron ore mine according to international standards. The reserves of underground mines over 200 meters are 36.528 million tons. Such iron ore was actually taken at a high price by a private enterprise in less than 6 minutes. Analysts said that the current iron ore has risen to such a level that it is a profiteering industry, and it will inevitably attract a lot of investment. It is a fancy that the current price level will have a good return rate, and future iron ore production and supply will Large-scale increase. At the same time, the mineral rights trading centers in various parts of the country have been established. According to incomplete statistics, in the past two years, nearly 30 mineral rights trading centers have been established in China. This has caused industry experts to worry that the experts of the former Metallurgical Exploration Bureau said that this will further increase the regional limitations of iron ore and may further push iron ore resources away from steel mills. The value of domestic ore? Zou Jian believes that mines with better resource endowments have excessive local interest protection, which is related to the current situation of China's mine resource reserves. Hebei and Shanxi, where iron ore resources are concentrated, basically do not have large-scale mines. In addition to Sujiaying and Shanxi, except for Jianshan, other basic small and medium-sized mines. In addition, most of the domestic mines have low grades, deep buried layers and high mining costs. For example, the Benxi Dataigou iron ore project in Liaoning Province has proven reserves of more than 3 billion tons, and the prospective reserves are expected to reach 7.6 billion tons, with a grade of 25% to 62%. It is one of the few large iron ore mines newly discovered in China in recent years. But it is not optimistic by industry experts because the mine has been deep underground more than 2016 meters. An expert from the Geological Exploration Bureau of the former Ministry of Metallurgy said, "If economically speaking, this is not called iron ore at all. It is buried in the ground for two kilometers and has a low grade. It has no mining value at all." According to the data, more than 2,070 iron ore has not been developed so far, and the unutilized iron ore resource reserves have reached 34.469 billion tons. However, according to experts, iron ore mines below 500 meters in China are basically found out. With the increase in ore prices, the country has now started a new round of prospecting above 1,000 meters. "If the ore body is relatively complete and relatively large, suitable for large-scale mining, mines as deep as 1000 meters are still possible, but in China, these conditions are very rare." Zou Jian said. This may explain why the iron ore of China's proven use of iron ore already has 18.879 billion tons, why the resource shortage of steel companies remains unsolved. Yang Siming, the general manager of Nanjing Iron and Steel, once said that the cost of mines per ton of mines invested abroad must not exceed 60 US dollars, which is the cost line of most mines in China. Liu Yongshun, the chief representative of the original iron ore negotiation of Baosteel Group, said that only when the international iron ore price exceeds about 100 US dollars, domestic mining companies can make money. This also makes the domestic steel industry face an embarrassing dilemma: only international ore prices can be mined in the country; thus, it can reduce the dependence on imported iron ore. Jiangnan, the Asian metal network, said that even if steel mills buy minerals from overseas, and then mine through various procedures such as shipping and traders, the price is more cost-effective than domestic mines. Steel mills must have their own considerations when investing. In Zou Jian's view, the domestic iron ore development system needs reform more than mining rights, but in the exploration field. If we talk about mining rights alone, it will only cause the phenomenon of financialization to become more prominent in the domestic mine field. Since 2004, as a consultant of the China Metallurgical Mining Enterprise Association, Zou Jian and domestic mining industry experts have been calling for the establishment of a mining exploration section in the Chinese capital market to promote the exploration and development of the mine. "At present, large international mining companies have adopted this model and established professional exploration and development companies. The better international mines are actually in the hands of professional mining companies, rather than concentrated in the hands of steel mills." Experts said. Zou Jian said that we now neglect that exploration is actually a risky industry, and the country is now shifting this risk to the financial sector. It should be handed over to investors and venture capital. In his view, the government should introduce social funds into the risk exploration industry through the reform of the mine development system, rather than the mining industry. In recent years, Zou Jian’s view on launching a “mining board†in China’s stock market has been recognized by industry experts. He said that the experts in the mining industry and the CSRC should be fully communicated and researched.
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