The process of combing wool yarn production 1. Raw wool preparation It is called raw wool cut from cotton sheep. Because the original hair is mixed with physiological impurities in various processes and dirt in the living environment, it cannot be directly put into wool spinning production. Therefore, a series of chemical and mechanical methods must be used to remove impurities to meet the requirements of wool spinning production. This series of processes is the initial processing of wool. The processed wool fiber is called washed wool.
The production process of raw wool preparation is: selection of hair - → opening hair - → washing hair - → baking hair. For the raw materials containing more impurities, a carbonization process is also required to remove the vegetable impurities in the washed wool.
1. In order to use the raw materials reasonably, the raw wool is excellent, and the raw wool entering the factory is branched or classified according to the quality requirements of the quality or industrial wool and the actual requirements of various products, and the impurities in the wool are removed. And a little bit of hair, usually done by hand.
2. The wool that has been sorted by hair is mostly in the form of a block, and the entanglement between the fibers is tight, and no scouring and cleaning are used. In this way, it is necessary to open and remove the raw wool with a hair opener before scouring to improve the scouring efficiency and the quality of the washed hair.
3. The purpose of scouring and scouring is to wash the lanolin, sheep sweat and sand, dirt and the like on the hand fiber, and the key is to wash the wool finger. The method adopted is to add a washing liquid containing detergent to penetrate into the gap of the lanolin soil layer, reduce the bonding force between the dirt layer and the wool fiber, and remove the dirt layer from the surface of the wool and transfer it to the washing liquid. At the same time, the lanolin which is peeled off and emulsified suspends the dirt impurities in the washing liquid and does not return to the wool fiber to achieve the purpose of washing. Commonly used detergents are mainly soap bases and synthetic detergents. In the washing tank, it is also necessary to use mechanical action to push, squeeze and flush the wool to improve the efficiency of decontamination.
4. Washing wool after washing and scouring, although it is pressed by water pressure, it still contains about 40% of water, which must be dried to store or transport. Drying is carried out on a dryer that produces a circulating air at a certain flow rate and temperature to vaporize the surface of the wool for rapid drying. At present, the factory adopts a washing and drying machine to complete the work of opening, scouring and drying the hair to obtain the washed hair.
5. Some plant-like impurities in the charred raw wool, such as grass thorns, leaves, artemisia leaves, etc., are closely entangled with the wool, and are not easily removed in the process of opening and scouring. In order to ensure the processing quality of the subsequent processes, it is necessary to add a grass removal process, that is, to remove impurities more thoroughly by mechanical or chemical methods. Mechanical de-grazing is to separate the impurities by mechanically combing the wool. The disadvantage is that the grass is unstable and the length of the fiber is damaged. It has been rarely used. The method of removing grass by chemical action is called carbonization. The principle of the method is that the wool is resistant to acid and the vegetable impurities are not resistant to acid. The grass hair is passed through a sulfuric acid solution, dried, baked, and the grass is made into a brittle carbon, which is separated from the wool. Achieve the purpose of removing impurities.
Second, the production of tops Before spinning the combed yarn, the washed loose hair is first processed into combed tops. This process is called top manufacturing. The task is to produce a variety of different washed or hair-type chemical fibers according to the quality requirements of the combed yarn, and then mix and refuel, comb, and remove impurities to make a combed top with a certain weight, uniform structure and consistent quality.
Most of the production processes for the production of tops are: furging -→ and hair refueling - → combing - → 2 to 3 needle combs - → combing - → needle combing - → rewashing - → needle combing.
1. Matching hair According to the quality standard or actual quality requirements of combed tops, the washing hair of different lengths, linear density and other characteristics shall be used in appropriate proportions, which is called matching hair. By blending the wool, the raw materials can be reasonably used, the quality can be stabilized, the batch can be expanded, the cost can be reduced, and the quality of the product can be guaranteed.
2. The raw materials after the hair is added with the wool and the raw materials are firstly mixed with the wool equipment. It is generally mixed according to the principle of “cross-cutting straightâ€. At the same time as the hair, a certain amount of emulsified oil is added by a spray method. The purpose of refueling is to increase lubricity, reduce fiber handling, eliminate static electricity, and prevent fiber diffusion. Commonly used and oils are mineral oil, vegetable oil and oleic acid. Antistatic oils are mostly surfactants.
3. The task of combing worsted combing is to further loosen and remove the bulky and bundled raw materials from the wool machine, and after repeated combing, the loose fibers are polymerized into continuous tops. The fiber is repeatedly combed and mixed by the needle teeth on the surface of each roller on the carding machine to realize combing and mixing, and at the same time, impurities such as impurities, coarse cavity hair and short fibers which have direct influence on the quality of the spinning and the finished product are removed by the United States. Finally, the fibers are straightened to form a wool net, which is then gathered into a strip. However, the mixing, straightening, and impurity removal effects of this process are not yet sufficient, and need to be gradually improved in the subsequent processing.
4. The needle comb process is a process that is repeatedly applied in the wool spinning process. The main function of the needle comb is to make the fibers straight and straight through the mixing, combing and drawing of the tops, to improve the unevenness of the painting and the unevenness of the weight of the tops, and to process the tops with a certain unit weight required for the subsequent processes. The needle combing process arranged after the carding machine and in front of the combing machine mainly makes the fibers straight and loose, which is called a bar comb. The needle combing process arranged before the roving process is also mainly based on mixing, and is gradually tapered to conform to the amount of feeding of the roving frame, which is called a bar comb.
5. The combing yarn has high requirements on the dryness and appearance quality of the spun yarn, and there are a lot of short fibers and impurities such as wool and grass clippings in the tops which have just been combed and stripped, and the subsequent spinning process is not used. Smooth progress. Therefore, after the combing of the needles, the combing process is set, the purpose is to increase the average length of the fibers in the tops, remove the residual hair and grass clippings from the previous process, and further mix the raw materials to make the fibers evenly straight. The combing process is a key process in the manufacture of tops, which is directly related to the quality and cost of the combed yarn. The combed tops are made of plexus lap joints. These tops are strong and low-work, and there is periodic unevenness. They must be processed through the whole strip, ie 2 to 3 needle combs, to improve the quality of the tops. And processed by the last needle into a ball form for easy transportation and storage.
6. The purpose of re-washing and re-washing is to make the tops pass through the washing and drying of the washing tank, further eliminate the curl of the fibers, fix the straightness, and wash away the oil stain during the slicing process, generally in the whole process. In the middle, there are also arrangements to be carried out before combing. When processing the top dyeing product, it is necessary to re-wash after dyeing to remove the floating color and dry.
three. The unit weight of the pre-spun combed top is generally about 20 g/m, and the weight of the roving for the spinning machine in the post-spinning process is about 0.2-0.6 g/m. To do this, it is necessary to go through several steps to gradually draw the tops down to the design weight. The task of the pre-spinning project is to combine, draw and comb the tops several times, and to make a roving with a certain weight and uniformity to meet the needs of the production of the spun yarn. The production process of the pre-spinning project is generally: mixed strips - → 3 ~ 4 needle comb - → roving.
1. The mixed strip combines several different properties (such as linear density, length), different fibers (such as wool, chemical fiber, other animal hair) and strips of different colors through the combination, mixing and drafting, which is required for the next process. At the same time, according to the oil content of the top, add appropriate amount of oil and oil to the mixer to protect the performance of the fiber and prevent static electricity.
2. The needle comb roving is the final step of the front spinning. The task is to draw the strips of the front needles to a certain linear density, and at the same time, twisting or twisting (false twisting) to increase the cohesion between the fibers for the subsequent yarn processing. At present, the rovings produced by combed wool are divided into two types: æ» æ“æ» æ“æ» roving and æ» æˆ– (or weak æ»). The former adopts a squeezing mechanism to make the fibers gather tightly together, and becomes a relatively round and tight roving. The winding is wound on the bobbin, and the output is coarse and roving, which is characterized by high speed and high output, but the strength is poor. It is easy to fluff and is suitable for pure wool products with fine fibers and large curl. The latter uses the flyer to make the roving weak, and then winds it to the roving bobbin layer by layer. It is characterized by large package and good roving strength. It is not easy to fluff when unwinding, and there are fewer breaks when spinning the spun yarn. The output is low, the mechanism is more complicated, and the operation and maintenance of the car is troublesome.
four. Post-spun combed yarn products have a certain density requirement, generally between 33 and 10 tex (between 30 and 100 metric) and require high twist of the yarn. Therefore, the roving is further drawn to the desired linear density, and the appropriate twist is applied to form a certain package form for subsequent weaving or dyeing.
The production process of the post-spinning project is generally: spun yarn - → parallel line - → æ» line - → winding -> steamed yarn.
1. The task of the spun yarn spinning process is to roving the rovings produced by the pre-spinning project on the ring spinning machine by spinning, twisting and winding, and spinning into a spun yarn with uniform linear density and twist according to product design requirements. It is processed in the form of a tube yarn for the subsequent process. Since the quality of the spun yarn basically determines the quality of the yarn, the yield of the process represents the production capacity of the spinning department, so the spinning process is a key process that determines the quality, yield and consumption of the product.
2. Combined, æ», and tube According to the needs of combed wool, the single yarn from the spinning machine needs to be combined and twisted into strands to increase the strength, while removing the appearance defects and increasing the package capacity for the subsequent production. Be prepared. Generally, after the spinning process, the process is followed by a squeezing process.
1) Alignment: Through the combination of two or more single yarns, it can avoid the unevenness of the twist caused by uneven tension when twisting the twisting process, and at the same time, the yarn is passed through the yarn clearing device to remove impurities and hair from the yarn. Granules, flying hair, thick knots and other defects, and increase the winding capacity, improve the production efficiency of the subsequent process.
2) æ» line: Add the required yarn to the yarn on the doubling machine to increase the tension, uniformity and smoothness of the yarn, increase the elasticity and improve the hand feeling. Ring-type twisting machines are usually used, and double-twisting machines are also used.
3) Winding: The volume of the bobbin from the twisting machine is small, which is not conducive to the processing of the subsequent process. It needs to be re-wound to increase the capacity and further eliminate the impurities and defects on the yarn through the yarn clearer. .
3. After the steamed wool fiber is put into production, after repeated friction by various processes, internal stress and static electricity will be generated, which will affect the production of the downstream. The twisted yarn has a large resilience and is easy to unwind. To this end, the method of steaming yarn is used to eliminate the stress and static electricity in the wool, and the steaming can is vacuumed to achieve a certain degree of vacuum. The preheated water is quickly boiled after being fed into the vacuum steaming can. That is, it penetrates into the inner layer of the wool yarn, and after a certain period of time, the purpose of processing can be achieved. If the wool yarn is stored under a certain temperature and humidity for ten days, the effect of stable twist can be achieved, but the time is long and the efficiency is low.
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