The active dry yeast is a dry yeast product which is maintained by a specially cultured fresh yeast after being dried by dehydration by dehydration. The US Department of Feed Supervision (AFCO) defines active dry yeast as: a yeast product that has been dried in some way and retains most of its fermentability, free of any grain or other fillings, and must contain a large amount of active dry yeast product per gram. For 15 billion live yeast cells. Active dry yeast can increase the dry matter intake and milk yield of ruminants by adjusting the rumen parameters of ruminants.
The stomach of a ruminant is composed of four parts: the rumen, the stomach, the stomach, and the stomach. The rumen is a unique digestive organ of ruminants. It is a feed treatment plant for ruminants. About 70-85% of the digestible material and 50% of crude fiber in the feed are digested in the rumen. The microbial flora in the rumen can provide dairy cows with 80% of daily protein and energy needs. The key to raising cows is to raise their rumen and maintain the balance of microbial flora in the rumen.
First, the application effect on the
1. Promote rumen development
There is no bacteria in the rumen of the newborn calf, but it is quickly occupied by a large number of complex microbial flora. In fact, saliva, feces and contaminated plants secreted by yak maternals and other animals provide the bacteria necessary for rumen development, which is essential for rumen rumen development. In a small dairy farm, the yak can be in contact with the mother for a long time, and the rumen can be well developed. In the large dairy farm, the yak grows alone in the cow house without contacting the mother, and the rumen cannot be rapidly developed. Galvao et al. provide active dry yeast to young cows who have not had colostrum, especially before weaning, which can effectively increase their intake of cereals and exhibit good growth characteristics.
2. Stabilizing rumen pH
Ruminal microorganisms rapidly ferment carbohydrates to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA), which easily cause rumen acid accumulation in the rumen and lead to rumen acidosis. Active dry yeast has a good effect on stabilizing rumen pH. The results of Chaucheyras-Durandf et al. in the sputum tube showed that the pH value of the rumen was stable in the rumen normal fermentation pH range in the high-concentration feed diet test group supplemented with active dry yeast. Bach et al. provide live Saccharomyces cerevisiae for outdoor free-range dairy cows, and the rumen pH is increased by 0.3-0.5 on average. It is also found that the eating habits of dairy cows have also changed. Compared with the control group, the active dry yeast group shortens the feeding interval (3.32). h), it can be considered that changes in eating habits are conducive to stabilizing the rumen pH.
3. Improve rumen fiber digestion ability
The ruminant diet has a cellulose and hemicellulose level of about 30% of the dry matter of the diet. One of the most important characteristics of ruminants is the widespread use of high fiber feed, a feature that benefits from rumen microbes. Animals do not have cellulase. The cellulose in ruminant feed is mainly decomposed by bacteria, ciliates and fungi in the rumen. In the decomposition and digestion of cellulose, bacteria and fungi play an 80% role, and ciliates play a balance control role. Under the synergistic action of rumen microorganisms, cellulose is decomposed step by step, eventually producing volatile fatty acids, which are absorbed and utilized by ruminants. Mosoni et al. used fluorescence quantitative PCR to determine the number of rumen fiber degrading bacteria in high-concentration diets with high concentration of active yeast. The number of three major degrading bacteria increased relative to the total amount of 16SrDNA, and it was concluded that yeast had enhanced fibrin activity. And the amount of potential. However, the reason for this increase in the number of rumen fibrils is not certain. However, yeast can increase dry matter intake because yeast shortens the digestion time of the fiber in the rumen. The reason that active yeast improves rumen fiber digestibility and enhances the number of rumen fibrin may be that yeast cells help the rumen to remove excess oxygen. In fact, although the rumen is a strict anaerobic environment, with the feeding, drinking water, ruminal and saliva secretion, the sheep rumen still has more than 16L of oxygen per day, so the elimination of excess oxygen is beneficial to the reproduction of rumen bacteria. In addition, studies have shown that the addition of active dry yeast in the diet can increase the total number of beneficial microorganisms in the rumen by 30%, and the number of bacteria involved in the decomposition of fibrous matter and hay can be increased by 60-70%.
4. Impact on milk production and milk composition
The addition of active dry yeast preparation to the feed can significantly increase the dry matter intake of dairy cows during lactation, increase milk production and improve milk quality. Wang Cong et al. selected 40 cows for the 70d test and added live yeast at a dose of 10g/d per head. The test results showed that the daily standard milk yield could be increased by 2.25kg/head, and the milk fat percentage increased by 0.3%. Zhu Jinlin and other test results show that the addition of ruminant yeast improved product has a certain effect on increasing and stabilizing milk production. Each group of 10g improved ruminant yeast per day increased the milk yield by 1.02kg compared with the control group, and the milk yield increased. 8.23%. Dai Jinjun and other 60 cows were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. The test period was 27d, and the amount of yeast added at 1.2g/d·head had a good effect on increasing the milk yield of the cows, which could increase the daily milk yield by 0.86kg.
Second, summary
The active dry yeast additive can be used to feed ruminants, which can change the fermentation form of the rumen, improve the microbial activity of the digestive tract, especially the rumen, promote the digestion of crude fiber by ruminants, absorb nutrients, and significantly increase the dry matter intake of dairy cows during lactation. Milk production improves milk quality. In conclusion, active dry yeast has a promising application in ruminants, and some of its mechanisms require further study.
At present, there are many types of active dry yeast products for ruminants on the market. Among them, there are high-activity dry yeast for Angel Fubon feed, which uses specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to obtain dry yeast by liquid submerged fermentation and fluidized bed drying. The product contains more than 20 billion live yeast cells per gram of live yeast product.
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