Chayote is also called Shougua is one of the vegetables of everyone, and its cultivation is also more common. Today Xiaobian will share with you the cultivation techniques of chayote.
The cultivation techniques of chayote are as follows:
1. Selection of seed melons and winter storage
The melon should be selected from the head and fat, the weight is about 500g, the skin is smooth and thin, the wax is more yellow, the hair is not obvious, the bud eyes are slightly protruding, the scar is not damaged, and the fully mature melon is used to grow the melon. The seeded melon will be stored in the indoors of 5 °C ~ 7 °C in late November. The specific method is to store the sand in the basket, that is, use a basket of sand to put a layer of sand, leave no gap, and cover the top of the basket to cover 10cm~15cm. The sand can be. If the quantity is large, it can be stored in the indoor sand pool. Pay special attention to the whole storage period: 1 You can't water the water from beginning to end, even if the skin is wrinkled. 2 must be used for sand storage coverage, not covered with farmyard manure and idyllic soil storage. 3 If there is no dry sand, it can be covered with dry coal ash storage.
2, nursery
Chayote can only be cultivated once a year in temperate regions, and must be seeded and seeded. In the south, the chayote is stored in the oysters, and the seedlings are naturally emerged before and after the Qingming, and then the seedlings of the seedlings are selected for direct seeding. In the north, in order to cultivate large seedlings and improve the resistance of seedlings, it is necessary to carry out indoor germination early. The germination time is to take out the melons in the late January of the next year, wrap them in plastic bags one by one, and move them to a warm room or a hot pot to germination. The temperature is 15-20 °C. The germination temperature should not be too high. The temperature is too high and the buds are fast, but the buds are not strong. Appropriately reduce the germination temperature, the buds are short and strong. About half a month, the top of the melon is cracked, and the young roots are produced. When the seedlings emit sprouts, the seedlings are raised. Small quantities are bred in warm rooms with large nutrition bags or flower pots, and the number is large and cultivated with simple protection. The nutrient soil is mixed with the sandy soil with good ventilation performance and the vegetable garden soil. The germination end of the seedling is upward, the handle is facing downward, the soil is covered with 4~6cm, the soil moisture is hand-held, and the landing is accurate. Do not have water. It is advisable to leave 2 to 3 branches of melon buds in the nursery period, and many weak buds should be removed in time. For the overgrown melons, leave 4 to 5 leaves to pick the heart, control the length, and promote the side buds. Keep 20 to 25 °C during the nursery, and pay attention to maintaining good ventilation and lighting conditions. When the chayote is sowed, it needs to grow more seeds and the cost is higher. In order to reduce the amount of melon and expand the reproductive coefficient, the Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences succeeded in cutting seedlings with stem cutting. The specific method is: seedling the seedlings in advance, and cultivating the healthy vines for cutting the cuttings. In places where there are greenhouses, seedlings can be raised from November to December, and the seedlings can be extended to make the seedlings more branches and strong branches. In the middle and upper of March, the seedlings were cut off, and each section contained 2 to 3 knots. The stem of the cut section is placed in a 500 ppm naphthalene acetic acid solution for 5 to 10 minutes, and then taken out into a seedling nutrient soil or a light matrix such as vermiculite, perlite, and sieved slag to keep warm and moisturize. According to the test, the survival rate of this method is more than 80%.
3, colonization
The chayote can be planted after breaking the cream. The greenhouse cultivation can be planted in the middle and the middle of March, and the open field planting is suitable for mid-April. When planting, the hole should be large and deep, about 1m square, 1m deep. Re-fill the excavated soil into 1/3 of the hole, apply 200~250kg of high-quality ring fertilizer at each hole, and mix it well with the hole soil. Then cover the soil with 20cm and cover it with your feet. When planting, remove the nursery pot or plastic bag, bring the soil into the hole, the land is flush with the ground plane, and then the soil is buried. Watering after planting, so that it can slow down the seedlings. Planting density, if the seedlings are used for seedling cultivation, the seedlings are planted, and 20 to 30 trees can be planted per 667 square meters. The cultivation of seedlings with cutting cuttings can be appropriately increased in density, with a row spacing of 3m to 4m, a plant spacing of 2m, and 80 to 120 plants per 667 square meters.
4, scaffolding vines and pruning
The fertility and climbing power of chayote are strong, the growth is rapid, the leaves are dense, and each other is shaded, and the growth is most likely to occur with wilting and falling flowers. Therefore, when the vine grows to about 40cm, it is necessary to take local materials according to local conditions, and use bamboo rods and ropes to make the chaffs of the chayote roll and lead the leaves to climb, tree, and climb the wall. The side branch of chayote has strong ability to divide, and each leaf bud can sprout a side bud. After planting to the vigorous growth stage of the plant, the stems on the ground are elongated slowly, and the lateral branches at the base of the stem are divided faster, which tends to be clustered, affecting the long stem spread and the shelf. Therefore, in the early stage, the lateral buds at the base of the stem should be erased in time, and only 2 to 3 vines per plant are retained. After being put on the shelf, no longer use the side branches to allow them to grow, but care should be taken to adjust the direction of the stems to make them evenly distributed, ventilated and transparent.
5, water and fertilizer management
(1) Within one month after planting, the seedlings should be covered and warmed to promote growth and development. During this period, no topdressing is required, only small water is poured.
(2) During the rapid development of root system, it is necessary to cultivate loose soil and promote root development, which lays a foundation for the vigorous growth of plants after autumn. Watering during the summer period keeps the soil moist and increases the humidity of the air, making the chayote safer in summer.
(3) In the autumn, the growth of the aboveground part of the plant is obviously accelerated into the vigorous growth period, and the fertilizer and water should be stormed to make the aboveground part of the plant grow rapidly and develop multiple lateral branches, which lays a material foundation for more flowering results.
(4) During the fruit-bearing period, the daily transpiration is large, and sufficient water and fertilizer are needed. The water should be used to keep the soil moist. It is possible to spray nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers 2 to 3 times on the foliar surface, or to apply the decomposed human and livestock fertilizer.
6, harvest
The fruiting result of chayote is more concentrated, which has a greater impact on the growth of stems. It is necessary to pick in time and feed the nutrient consumption, which is conducive to the growth and development of the post-cucumber melon to increase the yield. Generally, each plant can collect 200-600 melons, and 667 square meters produce 3000kg-5000kg.
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