Today, the protection of human living environment is a matter of urgency. Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of green energy. Making full use of solar energy resources is extremely beneficial to the improvement of the environment. Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert solar energy directly into electrical energy. In the past 50 years, the research and application of solar cells have been rapidly developed in terms of efficiency improvement, cost reduction, process improvement, application scope expansion, and adoption of new materials. Monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon and other conventional silicon solar cells have formed a large-scale industrial production.
In the nearly 20 years of rapid development of science and technology, the application fields of silicon solar cells have gradually expanded from space to ground, expanding from military to civilian use, and are widely used in communications, radio and television, electricity, household appliances, meteorology, geology, petroleum , railways, aviation, transportation, agriculture and animal husbandry and other fields. Especially in the field of communications and broadcasting, silicon solar cell power systems are gradually replacing some traditional power supply devices with unique advantages. The proportion of conventional power supply systems has been expanding year by year.
The use of silicon solar cell power systems as communication and broadcast television power supplies has many advantages, which can be summarized in 10 aspects:
(1) Easy to use, which is conducive to expanding the coverage of communications and radio and television With the rapid development of the national economy, remote areas urgently need to establish rapid and continuous communication with the outside world, and they need to receive radio and television programs. Most of these areas are far away from the mains, even in the United States where the power grid is intensive, there are still 10% to 20% of microwave relay stations are not close to the mains. In developing countries, as many as more than half of the microwave relay stations cannot use the mains, and even if a few can use the mains, most of them cannot guarantee 24-hour continuous power supply, which obviously affects the development of communications and broadcasting. The silicon solar battery power system uses the omnipresent light energy on the surface of the earth, and is basically free of geographical restrictions. It can provide green power for electricity-consuming equipment, thus solving this problem and greatly promoting the construction of communication networks.
(2) Improve the reliability of communication links In regions without mains electricity, if the diesel generator set is used in combination with rectifiers and floating batteries, the MTBF can reach 5000 hours, which is generally only 2000 to 3000 hours. If wind power generators and floating battery packs are jointly used, the reliability will be worse due to the influence of natural conditions. According to relevant data, the MTBF of high-quality low-power microwave transceivers has reached more than 300,000 hours, and the MTBF of ordinary microwave transceivers has reached more than 150,000 hours. According to statistics, more than 70% of the failures of microwave relay stations come from power supply equipment. According to foreign reports, the MTBF of the silicon solar cell power system has exceeded 100,000 hours. At present, from the perspective of the earlier-established silicon solar cell power system for telecommunications that China is operating, its MTBF has exceeded 110,000 hours. The test data indicates that the operation is in good condition and can be operated without any fault for a long time. It can be seen that the reliability is comparable to that of the microwave transceiver.
(3) Saving investment in the construction of transmission lines Currently, the cost of erection of transmission lines is increasing, especially in mountainous areas, where the cost is 50% or more than that in the plains. The construction cost of transmission lines in remote mountain areas in China needs 5 to 60,000 yuan/km (if the construction cost of auxiliary roads is taken into account, the investment will be greater). If the electricity supply is replaced by buried cables, the investment will be doubled and regular manual maintenance will be required. The use of silicon solar battery power system can eliminate these costs and greatly save investment.
(4) Avoid introducing lightning into the station area. There are more thunder and lightning in mountain areas. Although antenna towers and equipment rooms are equipped with better lightning protection devices, power transmission lines often introduce lightning into the station area, causing the equipment to suffer lightning strikes. Using silicon solar battery power system can avoid such problems. First, because the silicon solar battery power system has no external lead, it will not introduce lightning from outside the station. Second, because the support, frame, and grounding grid of the silicon solar battery power system itself is a lightning protection system, it can effectively eliminate lightning strikes. Hidden danger. This is why many hydropower stations in China are rich in power resources, but considering the safety of communication systems, silicon solar cell power systems are still used as the power source for communications and broadcast television systems.
(5) A microwave relay station powered by a solar battery power supply system can be built with less relay stations and the height of the antenna tower can be reduced. The site is not limited by power supply conditions, mountain height, and roads, and the best site can be selected in accordance with the characteristics of electromagnetic propagation to reduce the number of sites. Number of relay station constructions. At the same time, the height of the antenna tower can be reduced. The construction cost of the antenna tower is almost proportional to the square of its height, which greatly saves investment.
(6) No AC interference to communication and broadcasting equipment Solar cell modules can be assembled into a solar cell array with the required voltage and current in a suitable series and parallel manner. The solar cell discharge controller can directly charge the battery to meet the requirements of telecommunication equipment. Power requirements, AC converters that do not require AC power conversion, and no external noise introduced by the power line, so there is no AC interference from the equipment.
(7) Microwave relay stations that do not require the construction of roads to protect natural landscapes rely on silicon solar cell power systems. They do not require fuel during use. They can be transported by people carrying the equipment uphill or transported by helicopter without a special road. While protecting the natural landscape, this is very important in the scenic area.
(8) The construction period is short and the system can be relocated. The general microwave relay station requires the large parabolic antenna to be placed on the iron tower, and the concrete structure of the equipment room is built. Therefore, the construction period is long and it is difficult to move.
The low-power microwave relay equipment is small in size, light in weight, and has a wide operating temperature range. If a solar battery power system is used, a simple assembly room can be used instead of a concrete structure room, and even a simple metal room can be constructed using the gap in the middle of the tower. Solar cell arrays can be erected on the roof of a computer room or erected using an iron tower. After the height of the antenna tower is lowered, a simple component structure can be used and it can be built within 2 to 3 days. The whole relay station system has a short construction time and can be relocated after it is completed. It has greater flexibility.
(9) No pollution, low operating costs The solar battery power system has no fuel consumption, no moving wear parts, no pollution, and no noise. The system operates only by inexhaustible solar energy resources, so operating costs are greatly reduced. . According to the statistical results of the relevant telecommunications departments in China, it can be seen that the oil machine power station can purchase a set of silicon solar battery power systems for 30 years after running for 4 years.
(10) System maintenance is simple, unattended silicon solar battery power system maintenance is minimal, only a small amount of battery maintenance is required every year (if maintenance-free batteries are used to avoid this work), dust, drought, Irregularly clean the solar cell module's lighting surface and remove dust from the module surface. The charge and discharge control of the system and the power supply to the equipment are all automatic. Therefore, it can be completely unattended and is particularly suitable for stations with poor environments.
Because the silicon solar battery power system has some advantages as described above, it has been gradually applied in the field of communications and broadcasting television in recent years, and has a broad development prospects.
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