96.8% of new occupational diseases in Yunnan are the highest mortality of pneumoconiosis acute poisoning

From April 24 to May 1 is the "Professional Disease Prevention and Propagation Week," according to statistics collected by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Health, in 2013 the province reported 5 cases of 438 new cases of acute and chronic occupational diseases, including 424 cases of pneumoconiosis, accounting for 96.8%. Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease. Zhaotong, Qujing, Chuxiong, Kunming and Yuxi, which occurred in the top five areas, took place mainly in the coal and non-ferrous metal industries. The highest mortality rate among all occupational diseases is acute poisoning.

China's statutory occupational diseases mainly include pneumoconiosis, occupational radiation diseases, occupational poisoning, occupational diseases caused by physical factors, occupational diseases caused by biological factors, occupational dermatoses, occupational eye diseases, occupational ENT diseases, occupational tumors and other occupational diseases. Ten categories, a total of 132 species.

Yunnan pneumoconiosis has the highest incidence of silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Occupational poisoning includes lead, arsenic, mercury, manganese and their compounds, arsine, phosphine, and carbon monoxide are the most common; there are also a small number of occupational ENT diseases. It is mainly noise.

Class 1 pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease that is mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis in the lungs caused by inhalation of production dust during the production process. There will be chest tightness, difficulty in breathing, cough, hemoptysis, general weakness, and even severe loss of working ability. Pneumoconiosis often occurs in workplaces where dust concentration is high and labor protection conditions are poor (eg, coal mines, cement plants, etc.). According to "Pneumoconiosis Diagnostic Criteria" GBZ70-2007, pneumoconiosis is divided into puerperium, puerperium, and puerperium.

Dust hazard prevention:

In the dust working environment, the following protective measures can be taken:

Improve work environment and process, reduce dust concentration in the workplace; use protective masks (face masks); identify, diagnose and treat as early as possible; prevent tuberculosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema and other complications.

Correct use of dust masks (masks):

Wear tightly and inhale dust from the gap between the face and the dust mask; use dust masks (face masks) as required; do not use in thin oxygen or toxic gases; store in ventilated areas; Deformation; change filter.

Class 2 Occupational Poisoning

In the production environment and labor process, diseases caused by exposure to industrial poisons are called occupational poisoning. Divided into metal poisoning, non-metal poisoning, organic chemical poisoning three. Among them are arsine hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.

Occupational poisoning prevention:

Strengthen engineering protection measures, improve production processes and production equipment, control the concentration of toxic and harmful factors in the production environment and air below the national occupational exposure limit standards; strengthen the construction and implementation of occupational disease prevention and control management systems: carry out work sites in accordance with relevant requirements. Monitor and carry out necessary protection improvements to ensure regular occupational health monitoring for workers, early detection, early diagnosis and treatment, and enhanced worker management, strictly forbid eating in the workshop; strengthen personal protection, choose personal protection that meets standards and matches workplaces Supplies, and standard use.

Occupational lead poisoning and common occupations

The common occupations that are prone to lead poisoning due to contact with lead smoke or lead dust, which are caused by nervous system, digestive and hematopoietic disorders, are common occupations: printing, batteries, glass, ceramics, plastics, paints, chemicals, shipbuilding, etc. Welding, lead mining and smelting.

Clinical manifestations after poisoning: Ascending often feels weakness, metallic taste in the mouth, muscle and joint pain, etc., followed by neurasthenia syndrome, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and constipation. The typical symptoms of dead lead poisoning in abdominal cramps occur in the umbilical region. There is also moderate anemia and sometimes high blood pressure.

Arsenic poisoning and common industries

Occupational acute hydrogen arsenide poisoning is a systemic disease in which acute intravascular hemolysis is the main cause of short-term inhalation of higher concentrations of arsine gas in occupational activities. In severe cases, acute renal failure can occur. Hydrogen arsine is a waste gas produced by certain industries during the production process; it often contains arsenic sulfide in occupational exposure to various metals (such as zinc, tin, lead, copper, etc.). Arsenic-containing ore can produce arsine in the presence of acid (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and humidity during smelting, processing, and storage. Therefore, poisoning can be found in various industries, and the most common is the metallurgical industry.

Clinical manifestations after poisoning: The severity of poisoning has a significant relationship with inhalation; the incubation period is generally half an hour to several hours, and the onset is acute. In turn, there are various manifestations of acute hemolysis and acute gastric dysfunction. Frequent headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and sore limbs, with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, garlic odor in the breath, hemolysis occurs in three hours. Have chills, fever, jaundice, dark red urine (hematuria).

Class 3 occupational ENT diseases

The incidence of these diseases is relatively low in Yunnan Province, mainly occupational noise.

Workers in the workplace, due to long-term exposure to noise, a progressive sense of hearing damage. Long-term work in a noisy environment without taking any effective protective measures will certainly lead to occupational noise. Noise can also have adverse effects on the human nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and reproductive function. Dizziness, headache, tinnitus, dreaminess, insomnia, palpitation, memory loss, inattention and other symptoms.

Noise prevention:

The damage caused by productive noise to workers’ hearing is often the result of long-term slow accumulation and is easily overlooked. Because occupational noise is an irreversible permanent hearing impairment that can only be prevented and cannot be cured, prevention is the key.

It can be protected from two aspects. First of all, take personal protective measures, such as wearing ear protectors (such as earplugs, earmuffs); Second, workers exposed to noise operations, an annual occupational health examination including hearing inspection is particularly important, found that hearing abnormalities meet the national standards should be Timely transfer noise operation.

Misunderstanding of occupational diseases

Dr. Liu Lan of the Yunnan Occupational Health Examination and Occupational Diseases Diagnosis Center of the Yunnan Transportation Center Hospital introduced that many people now have insufficient awareness of occupational diseases because of insufficient publicity, which often results in the inability of both laborers and employers to protect their rights and interests.

As the status quo of hospitals, there is a shortage of occupational doctors. As an occupational doctor, practitioners are more demanding than ordinary clinicians. They must first have the qualifications of a clinician and have relevant qualifications stipulated in the "Labor Law." Occupational disease medical staff. Call for more organizations to participate in the education of occupational diseases to ensure the safety and health of the toxic and hazardous work environment. Both the employees and the company are aware of the importance of occupational health checks.

As laborers, they should regularly accept occupational health checks arranged by enterprises. Occupational health checkups in foreign countries are mandatory, and they are voluntary in China. Therefore, many people feel troubled and unwilling to undergo inspections, or there is a lack of understanding why regular occupational health checkups are required.

Special reminder: Occupational health examination is different from ordinary health examinations. The inspection items are similar to routine health examinations, but there are essential differences. Occupational health examinations are special inspection items that are based on the harmful environment in which the type of work is exposed.

As a company, it is necessary to clarify its own responsibilities and follow the employer’s occupational disease prevention guidelines. Compliance with prevention and treatment according to law, prevention as the major, combination of prevention and control, classification management, and comprehensive management; unit self-discipline, full participation, continuous improvement; maintenance of workers’ health and related rights, attention to high-risk groups of occupational diseases, organization of pre-job inspections and inspections during inspections , check off the post.

Special reminder: It is recommended that major companies perform occupational health checks in fixed hospitals to facilitate the establishment of complete system files.

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