A wooden house is a building, and there are two basic processes in the design and construction of a building. The wooden house is also a product. What problems will a good product encounter in the production process? In the production process, each link must be predicted and evaluated first, and relevant programs should be developed to prevent problems. Only for each detail is designed. Everything is done in order to make a good product. Through more than ten years of study, the author has continuously learned from experience and lessons, and realized that some problems in the whole process of the wooden house from design to construction will inevitably occur. It is necessary to face up to these problems and try to avoid these problems.
Communication with the outside world throughout the design
From the beginning of communication, the author believes that the most important part of design is communication. One is to communicate with the demand of the wooden house, and the other is to communicate with the surrounding environment. Among them, the graphic design requires that the use and function of the wooden house must be fully communicated with the demander. From the initial setting to the final draft, it needs to be modified several times. The final plan must satisfy the true will of the function and the person who needs it. In the design of the exterior, the design of the façade and the slope roof strives to be unique and beautiful, but it must take into account the cost of construction and the difficulty of construction. It is necessary to communicate with the demanders many times, not only to realize the designer’s beauty, but also to let Demanders are willing to accept. At the same time, it must be integrated with the geographical environment and become a landscape. Color design requires communication between people and the environment. The main color of the color should be coordinated with the surrounding scenery environment and human history. It must be fully communicated and modified with the demander, and consent and confirmation.
In terms of structural design, in the case of meeting the structural bearing safety, the material specifications and grade standards are reasonably selected. The structural modeling and material selection requirements communicate the needs of the demanders, and select, recommend, adjust, and confirm according to the requirements of the owner for the shape of the house, the design and requirements for the main materials of the structure, and the requirements for the control of the house cost. Under the condition of meeting the mechanical requirements of structural materials, the pursuit of cost control.
Durability design should be based on different climatic conditions in different regions, namely air dry humidity, average moisture content of wood, temperature difference, rainfall, wood pests, white ants hazards and other influencing factors, designing different anti-corrosion treatment drug loading requirements, ensuring wood Structural products can be used for more than 50 years.
Weather resistance. Fully consider the change of temperature difference, the change of dry humidity, the anti-cracking of wood, the anti-aging requirements of paint, the selection of cold-resistant and high-temperature resistant of waterproofing membrane, etc. should be compatible with local climatic conditions.
safety. According to the use and demand of the wooden house, the requirements of the interior materials. The selection of interior decoration materials, such as for resort hotels, residential buildings, large public buildings, wood for interior materials should be designed to meet the flame retardant treatment standard of flame retardant B1. It is recommended to use refractory plates such as calcium silicate board and gypsum board.
Comfort, energy saving and environmental protection. Insulation materials should be selected with good flame retardant and non-toxic insulation materials. The thickness of the insulation layer and the thickness of the wall should be selected separately for different areas and different temperatures. The use of solar energy, LED light source applications should consider the advantages of natural ventilation, air convection design to reduce the use of air conditioning. Choose non-toxic waterborne wood lacquers or waterborne non-toxic coatings.
The size of the window and other factors to be considered should meet the lighting requirements. In pursuit of the effect of incorporating outdoor scenery into the house, the viewing window should be designed with large windows or floor-to-ceiling glass walls to achieve natural ventilation and keep dry. The size is best adjusted according to the double-line red character Geely's wealth in the Luban ruler, combined with the conventional design size.
Reconnaissance is a key part of the design process. Only by fully understanding the natural environment of the project site can you design a natural taste. Investigate the geological conditions of the surface, measure the size of the construction land, map the topography of the construction land, photograph the scenery around the construction land, determine the orientation of the main landscape orientation of the project construction land, measure the elevation of the construction land, and consult the folk customs, culture and residents of the surrounding villages. The style and tradition of architecture.
Ecological protection is a basic part. Although there is destruction in construction, a tree is also a life. It will make human life stronger, make the environment more beautiful, and make life better. Excessive excavation of earthwork, destruction of surface vegetation, soil erosion, and even the occurrence of mudslides are a failure plan. These incidents that cause damage to the environment and cause damage to humans often bury hidden dangers in the design process and should be avoided.
Pay attention to the forest plants in the construction land during the survey, measure the distance between the larger trees and the position in the construction land, and avoid the avoidance when designing, stay and stay, and keep the "life". For example, if you build a wooden house on a mountain, you can use the drop design to avoid earth excavation and increase the layering of the building to make the shape more beautiful. Not cutting trees or moving soil is the best ecological protection design method.
Problems with installation and construction
The installation and construction of the wooden house is a construction process. From the beginning of the stakeout to the completion acceptance, the standard work must be carried out in accordance with the relevant specifications of the construction. However, the construction of wooden houses still has its own particularity. In the past few years, the author has encountered many problems in the construction of wooden houses, mainly reflected in the following aspects.
Lack of professional construction management talents, management is not in place. The engineering and technical management personnel of the demand side of the wooden house lack the knowledge of the wooden structure and are difficult to communicate. The lack of skilled workers in the woodworking and wood structure installation and construction of the wood structure construction professional training, the quality of the installation and decoration of the wooden house is difficult to guarantee, and the progress of the project is difficult to guarantee.
The timber structure house is a systematic complete project. At present, the industry has not established relevant construction specifications, no quota standards have been established, and the professional installation and construction general contracting qualifications have not been clarified. Therefore, most of the enterprises that undertake the construction of wooden houses are surviving in the cracks of the construction industry.
China's timber-framed buildings currently have only one “wood structure design code†and “wood structure test method standardâ€, while the wood structure design code, only North American light wood structure can be put on, other types of wood structure can not be used. Judging from the standards of wood structure test methods, at present, China's wood structure installation and construction enterprises have no conditions to establish laboratory, and there is a shortage of talents who can master experimental knowledge and technology. At present, no matter whether it is a wooden structure housing construction unit or a construction unit, no one pays attention to and actually carries out the physical performance test of the wooden structure, nor does it test the wooden components and the hardware connection fixed parts. Only a few people will mention that a few people will copy it. The data and statements in the book, and no one really will do it, and no one will actually do it.
Since there are no wooden structure construction related specifications, there is no quota standard for wood structure engineering, and there is no acceptance standard for wood structure. During the construction process, it is often encountered that the construction party does not confirm whether the quality of each process in the construction is qualified, and it is uncertain whether the construction cost is accurate, and the data of the completion acceptance and the confirmation of relevant inspection reports are also difficult. Therefore, the timber structure contractor has a mouthful to say, can only say: "This is the wooden house, and it is not clear."
There are no product standards and norms, industry development disorder, unfair competition in the industry, exaggeration of corporate propaganda, a large number of inferior wooden structural houses and wooden houses built with timber boards and materials, which have impacted the market and confused people with wood. The understanding of the quality of structural housing. The guerrillas have already defeated the regular army. The concept of the wooden house has been confused and the safety of the wooden house is no longer guaranteed. The pile foundation of the wooden house is directly buried in the foundation without anti-corrosion treatment. The joint between the foundation column and the ground frame beam is fixed with only a few nails. The "Bao Lirong" with very low melting point is used as the insulation material, and the roof waterproofing is made of oil-gloss. The vicious competition of low quality and low price left a serious safety hazard and damaged the reputation of the wooden house.
China's wooden houses do not have a uniform standard production and supply system to establish the corresponding material standards. There is no uniform standard for the connection and supply of hardware fasteners. The enterprises are fighting and self-contained. The timber is made of a variety of materials, which is difficult to guarantee the uniformity of the performance and quality of the wooden house. The price is not comparable.
Due to the lack of all kinds of hardware and software mentioned above, the quality of the installation and maintenance of the wooden house can only be guaranteed by the conscience of the implementer. The development of the wooden house construction industry needs to establish all standards and norms, relying on the joint efforts of the state, enterprises and individuals to achieve early. The problems and difficulties in the installation and construction of wooden houses can only be solved if the behavior is conscience and the actions are standard.
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