In the process of rapid economic development, high-intensity fossil energy development and excessive energy consumption have led to “land desertification†and “garbage siegeâ€, and the ecological environment has been deteriorating. High-intensity, large-area smog has occurred in most parts of the country, and the large area of ​​pollution, the long duration, and the wide range of people affected have never been seen before. China has become the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, of which more than 80% is caused by energy consumption.
In 2016, the Academic Annual Meeting of the Biomass Energy Professional Committee of the Renewable Energy Society was held in Beijing. Ren Dongming, director of the Renewable Energy Development Center of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the original energy system could not adapt to the current social and economic development. A series of fundamental changes have been made in terms of resource form, technical means, management system and human understanding, thus promoting the energy production and consumption revolution. He said that the energy revolution is a process that is produced in the context of the contradictions between the population, resources and environment of the contemporary world. It is a new energy system with high efficiency, clean, low carbon and renewable characteristics. The energy system process, a new round of energy revolution will push humanity to a new era of clean, low-carbon, intelligent and renewable energy.
The details of industrial development cannot be ignored
According to Ren Dongming, in 2015, China's total power generation was 5.6 trillion kWh, and renewable energy generation was 1.507 trillion kWh. In 2015, China's non-fossil energy consumption accounted for 12.79%, and renewable energy consumption accounted for 11.64% of primary energy consumption, basically completing the development plan for the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€.
In 2015, biomass energy utilization was about 35 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 8% of renewable energy utilization, accounting for about 0.9% of total energy consumption. In general, the development of renewable energy during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period has been expanding in scale, and the proportion of energy consumption has increased steadily; the total installed capacity of renewable energy power generation and power supply has grown rapidly, and important power has been exerted in some areas. The alternative role; hydropower installed capacity has steadily increased, becoming the main force of clean energy in the power system; wind power installed capacity continues to develop in scale, technical equipment capacity continues to improve; solar energy application technology has made significant progress, diversified solar market application pattern began to form; biomass It can continue to develop in a diversified direction, and the comprehensive utilization benefits are remarkable; geothermal energy and marine utilization technologies are continuously developed, and the scope of application is continuously expanding.
However, there are some problems with renewable energy. First, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, renewable energy has not been in the status of the country’s overall energy development strategy. Second, the existing energy system and infrastructure, including institutional mechanisms, Policy and power grid construction cannot fully support the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, and the phenomenon of abandoning light and abandoning water is serious. Third, the innovation of renewable energy itself in terms of technology and development mode is not enough. Fourth, under the existing energy management system The economics of renewable energy are still difficult to compete with traditional energy sources.
There are also many detailed and specific problems in the development of biomass energy industry. For example, in biomass direct-fired power generation, there are problems such as thermal cogeneration and heat load mismatch in the layout; in co-combustion power generation, there is a lack of mixing. Fuel power generation measurement monitoring tools, and no relevant incentive policies; in the waste-to-energy generation, there is still a lack of public recognition, and there are problems in project site selection; in biomass heating, biomass heating has not yet been incorporated into national economic incentives. The scope of the policy, the degree of protection of biomass raw materials is low, and pure biomass heating is difficult to obtain market recognition. Biomass boiler emissions still use coal management standards, and there are still policy barriers in environmental protection; in biogas, there is no effective grid-connected support policy, lack of clear grid-connected regulatory procedures, and purification of biogas into natural pipeline networks. difficult.
It is expected to reach 57 million tons in 2020
In the next five years, how many targets should be set to promote the energy production and consumption revolution?
Ren Dongming said that by 2020, the country's total energy can be controlled within 5 billion tons of standard coal, non-fossil energy accounts for 15%, and electricity consumption is about 70-7.4 trillion kWh. In terms of energy supply, it is assumed that coal consumption will be 4.1 billion tons of standard coal in 2020, coal power will be 1.05 billion kWh, and nuclear power will be 53 million to 58 million kWh.
Under the above assumptions, it is estimated that by 2020, biomass energy utilization will reach 57 million tons of standard coal, and comprehensive scale will be realized in the fields of power generation, heat supply, pipeline natural gas or automotive compressed natural gas replacement and petrochemical transportation fuel replacement. Application, biomass energy utilization technology and core equipment technology capabilities have reached the world's advanced level, forming a more mature commercial market.
On a specific target, by 2020, biomass boiler heating will reach 20,000 tons per hour; biomass solid fuel will reach 10 million standard coal per year; bio-natural gas will reach 10 billion cubic meters; biomass liquid fuel will reach a total 6 million tons, of which fuel ethanol is 4 million tons, biodiesel is 2 million tons; power generation installed capacity is 15 million kilowatts, of which waste-to-energy is 7.5 million kilowatts, agricultural and forestry waste is 7 million kilowatts, biogas and other biogas is 500,000 kilowatts. .
Ren Dongming believes that in order to achieve the above objectives during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to initiate biomass heating to replace urban coal-fired heating demonstration projects, promote bio-natural gas into the natural gas market, and accelerate the cogeneration of biomass power generation projects. Work to promote the promotion and demonstration of bio-liquid fuels and strengthen the construction of industrial management service systems.
Developing biomass energy faces many challenges
Ren Dongming said that the future development of biomass energy industry still faces many challenges in terms of resource supply, technology selection, planning and layout, market distribution, project development, regulatory service operation and maintenance system, and policy support mechanism.
First, the development of biomass power generation industry is not balanced. The overall distribution of biomass resources is uneven, with large regional differences. Agricultural and forestry biomass power plants are competing to develop areas with superior resource conditions, resulting in increased resource competition and lack of overall planning for project layout. During the construction site selection, most biomass power generation projects did not take into account the location and demand of hot users. In the future, the upgrading of biomass cogeneration will be limited by the lack of users. Waste incineration power generation is popularized in economically developed areas such as the east, and it is more difficult to promote in areas with relatively backward economy.
Second, biomass heating is not included in the scope of clean energy. Under the relevant air-inhibition measures such as the Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan, most of the environmental protection measures only require the replacement of coal with clean energy such as natural gas and fuel oil. The biomass-forming fuel is not clearly used as a clean fuel, and even it is regarded as burning coal. Equivalent pollution sources have led to severely blocked access to the biomass heating market and the inability to enjoy relevant incentive policies.
Third, the industrial supervision service system needs to be improved. The standards for biomass energy products, equipment, engineering construction, etc. are not perfect, the project operation management experience is insufficient, the testing and certification system is lagging behind, and there is no market supervision and technical supervision. The biomass heating sector lacks a biomass molding fuel standard system, biomass boiler emission standards, and third-party testing and certification institutions. At the same time, the biogas project quality supervision system is relatively weak, and the industry lacking biogas project operation or service support has affected the quality and production efficiency of biogas projects.
Fourth, the policy guarantee system needs to be strengthened. In all fields, in addition to the relatively perfect subsidies for biomass power generation, biomass heating, biomass gas, and biomass liquid fuels need further research in terms of subsidy mechanisms and tax reductions, and management standards among various management departments. Regulations and related industry management policies need to be coordinated.
Strengthen the top design to become popular
Many enterprises and related units have encountered some obstacles in the development of biomass energy. Experts said that if China's biomass energy needs to be industrialized, it is urgent for the relevant government departments to carry out top-level design. To achieve system planning and build a good policy system has become a common expectation.
In this regard, Ren Dongming also put forward the following suggestions: First, the development of biomass energy development and utilization planning. Incorporating biomass energy into the national energy management system, all provinces and cities should use biomass energy development and utilization as an important development indicator of energy warfare planning, and clarify the biomass specific gravity target of total energy consumption in each region. Biomass energy development and utilization will be included in the regional energy plan, and bioenergy development plans and implementation plans will be prepared to guide the development and utilization of biomass energy in the region. In-depth study and analysis of the characteristics of biomass resources in the region, strengthen the construction and management of biomass energy projects, rationally carry out the development and utilization of biomass energy, and maintain the development and utilization of biomass energy in an orderly manner.
The second is to strengthen the access guarantee for biomass energy market. Pursuant to the Safe Acquisition of Biomass Energy Policy in accordance with the Renewable Energy Law. Study the norms and standards for mandatory market access, including product quality standard purchase price and price sharing mechanism, payment procedures, etc., and establish a punishment mechanism for enterprises that violate the guaranteed acquisition. It is clear that hot-net enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of bio-energy heat that meets the standards. Natural gas pipeline enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of biogas that meets the standards. The refined oil supply enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of bio-liquid fuels that meet the standards.
The third is to strengthen the construction of a resource supply security system. According to local conditions, combined with the requirements of ecological construction and environmental protection, we will cultivate suitable energy crops and energy plants and build biomass energy raw material bases. Adapt to different situations in different regions, support enterprises to explore the establishment of biomass energy raw material collection system, optimize biomass energy waste classification, increase domestic energy waste and forestry waste resources survey, and strengthen forestry three remnants and crop resources survey. Scientifically analyze the development of resources in all areas of biomass energy, increase the level of biomass energy resources, and encourage the professional development of biomass materials storage, storage and transportation. Research and develop a biomass material logistics payment policy.
The fourth is to improve the fiscal and tax incentives. Encourage the development of biomass energy industry, and implement accelerated depreciation and appropriate income tax exemption policies for biomass energy production enterprises. The biogas industry and the bio-liquid fuel industry will implement a combination of front-end construction investment subsidies and end-product subsidies, increase financial support, and improve the thermal and electricity price policies for biomass cogeneration projects. Give financial support to the infrastructure needed for the development of the biomass energy industry. Establish a priority financing platform for biomass energy, support financial institutions to increase credit support for the biomass energy industry, give play to the financing function of the capital market, and widely absorb commercial capital into the biomass energy industry.
The fifth is to strengthen the construction of the supervision system. Relevant departments should strengthen supervision over the construction and operation of biomass energy projects, ensure product quality and safety, strengthen standard certification management, do a good job in environmental protection supervision, and establish a monitoring platform and service system for biomass energy industry. Strengthen industrial capacity building such as engineering consulting and technical services to support the sustainable development of the biomass energy industry.
In the new century, China will face the dual pressures of energy security, energy economy and energy environment. Actively developing renewable energy including hydropower, wind power, solar energy and biomass energy has become an inevitable choice for China to achieve sustainable and healthy social and economic development. The picture shows Datang Dengzhou Biomass Thermal Power Plant.
In 2016, the Academic Annual Meeting of the Biomass Energy Professional Committee of the Renewable Energy Society was held in Beijing. Ren Dongming, director of the Renewable Energy Development Center of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the original energy system could not adapt to the current social and economic development. A series of fundamental changes have been made in terms of resource form, technical means, management system and human understanding, thus promoting the energy production and consumption revolution. He said that the energy revolution is a process that is produced in the context of the contradictions between the population, resources and environment of the contemporary world. It is a new energy system with high efficiency, clean, low carbon and renewable characteristics. The energy system process, a new round of energy revolution will push humanity to a new era of clean, low-carbon, intelligent and renewable energy.
The details of industrial development cannot be ignored
According to Ren Dongming, in 2015, China's total power generation was 5.6 trillion kWh, and renewable energy generation was 1.507 trillion kWh. In 2015, China's non-fossil energy consumption accounted for 12.79%, and renewable energy consumption accounted for 11.64% of primary energy consumption, basically completing the development plan for the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€.
In 2015, biomass energy utilization was about 35 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 8% of renewable energy utilization, accounting for about 0.9% of total energy consumption. In general, the development of renewable energy during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period has been expanding in scale, and the proportion of energy consumption has increased steadily; the total installed capacity of renewable energy power generation and power supply has grown rapidly, and important power has been exerted in some areas. The alternative role; hydropower installed capacity has steadily increased, becoming the main force of clean energy in the power system; wind power installed capacity continues to develop in scale, technical equipment capacity continues to improve; solar energy application technology has made significant progress, diversified solar market application pattern began to form; biomass It can continue to develop in a diversified direction, and the comprehensive utilization benefits are remarkable; geothermal energy and marine utilization technologies are continuously developed, and the scope of application is continuously expanding.
However, there are some problems with renewable energy. First, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, renewable energy has not been in the status of the country’s overall energy development strategy. Second, the existing energy system and infrastructure, including institutional mechanisms, Policy and power grid construction cannot fully support the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, and the phenomenon of abandoning light and abandoning water is serious. Third, the innovation of renewable energy itself in terms of technology and development mode is not enough. Fourth, under the existing energy management system The economics of renewable energy are still difficult to compete with traditional energy sources.
There are also many detailed and specific problems in the development of biomass energy industry. For example, in biomass direct-fired power generation, there are problems such as thermal cogeneration and heat load mismatch in the layout; in co-combustion power generation, there is a lack of mixing. Fuel power generation measurement monitoring tools, and no relevant incentive policies; in the waste-to-energy generation, there is still a lack of public recognition, and there are problems in project site selection; in biomass heating, biomass heating has not yet been incorporated into national economic incentives. The scope of the policy, the degree of protection of biomass raw materials is low, and pure biomass heating is difficult to obtain market recognition. Biomass boiler emissions still use coal management standards, and there are still policy barriers in environmental protection; in biogas, there is no effective grid-connected support policy, lack of clear grid-connected regulatory procedures, and purification of biogas into natural pipeline networks. difficult.
It is expected to reach 57 million tons in 2020
In the next five years, how many targets should be set to promote the energy production and consumption revolution?
Ren Dongming said that by 2020, the country's total energy can be controlled within 5 billion tons of standard coal, non-fossil energy accounts for 15%, and electricity consumption is about 70-7.4 trillion kWh. In terms of energy supply, it is assumed that coal consumption will be 4.1 billion tons of standard coal in 2020, coal power will be 1.05 billion kWh, and nuclear power will be 53 million to 58 million kWh.
Under the above assumptions, it is estimated that by 2020, biomass energy utilization will reach 57 million tons of standard coal, and comprehensive scale will be realized in the fields of power generation, heat supply, pipeline natural gas or automotive compressed natural gas replacement and petrochemical transportation fuel replacement. Application, biomass energy utilization technology and core equipment technology capabilities have reached the world's advanced level, forming a more mature commercial market.
On a specific target, by 2020, biomass boiler heating will reach 20,000 tons per hour; biomass solid fuel will reach 10 million standard coal per year; bio-natural gas will reach 10 billion cubic meters; biomass liquid fuel will reach a total 6 million tons, of which fuel ethanol is 4 million tons, biodiesel is 2 million tons; power generation installed capacity is 15 million kilowatts, of which waste-to-energy is 7.5 million kilowatts, agricultural and forestry waste is 7 million kilowatts, biogas and other biogas is 500,000 kilowatts. .
Ren Dongming believes that in order to achieve the above objectives during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to initiate biomass heating to replace urban coal-fired heating demonstration projects, promote bio-natural gas into the natural gas market, and accelerate the cogeneration of biomass power generation projects. Work to promote the promotion and demonstration of bio-liquid fuels and strengthen the construction of industrial management service systems.
Developing biomass energy faces many challenges
Ren Dongming said that the future development of biomass energy industry still faces many challenges in terms of resource supply, technology selection, planning and layout, market distribution, project development, regulatory service operation and maintenance system, and policy support mechanism.
First, the development of biomass power generation industry is not balanced. The overall distribution of biomass resources is uneven, with large regional differences. Agricultural and forestry biomass power plants are competing to develop areas with superior resource conditions, resulting in increased resource competition and lack of overall planning for project layout. During the construction site selection, most biomass power generation projects did not take into account the location and demand of hot users. In the future, the upgrading of biomass cogeneration will be limited by the lack of users. Waste incineration power generation is popularized in economically developed areas such as the east, and it is more difficult to promote in areas with relatively backward economy.
Second, biomass heating is not included in the scope of clean energy. Under the relevant air-inhibition measures such as the Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan, most of the environmental protection measures only require the replacement of coal with clean energy such as natural gas and fuel oil. The biomass-forming fuel is not clearly used as a clean fuel, and even it is regarded as burning coal. Equivalent pollution sources have led to severely blocked access to the biomass heating market and the inability to enjoy relevant incentive policies.
Third, the industrial supervision service system needs to be improved. The standards for biomass energy products, equipment, engineering construction, etc. are not perfect, the project operation management experience is insufficient, the testing and certification system is lagging behind, and there is no market supervision and technical supervision. The biomass heating sector lacks a biomass molding fuel standard system, biomass boiler emission standards, and third-party testing and certification institutions. At the same time, the biogas project quality supervision system is relatively weak, and the industry lacking biogas project operation or service support has affected the quality and production efficiency of biogas projects.
Fourth, the policy guarantee system needs to be strengthened. In all fields, in addition to the relatively perfect subsidies for biomass power generation, biomass heating, biomass gas, and biomass liquid fuels need further research in terms of subsidy mechanisms and tax reductions, and management standards among various management departments. Regulations and related industry management policies need to be coordinated.
Strengthen the top design to become popular
Many enterprises and related units have encountered some obstacles in the development of biomass energy. Experts said that if China's biomass energy needs to be industrialized, it is urgent for the relevant government departments to carry out top-level design. To achieve system planning and build a good policy system has become a common expectation.
In this regard, Ren Dongming also put forward the following suggestions: First, the development of biomass energy development and utilization planning. Incorporating biomass energy into the national energy management system, all provinces and cities should use biomass energy development and utilization as an important development indicator of energy warfare planning, and clarify the biomass specific gravity target of total energy consumption in each region. Biomass energy development and utilization will be included in the regional energy plan, and bioenergy development plans and implementation plans will be prepared to guide the development and utilization of biomass energy in the region. In-depth study and analysis of the characteristics of biomass resources in the region, strengthen the construction and management of biomass energy projects, rationally carry out the development and utilization of biomass energy, and maintain the development and utilization of biomass energy in an orderly manner.
The second is to strengthen the access guarantee for biomass energy market. Pursuant to the Safe Acquisition of Biomass Energy Policy in accordance with the Renewable Energy Law. Study the norms and standards for mandatory market access, including product quality standard purchase price and price sharing mechanism, payment procedures, etc., and establish a punishment mechanism for enterprises that violate the guaranteed acquisition. It is clear that hot-net enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of bio-energy heat that meets the standards. Natural gas pipeline enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of biogas that meets the standards. The refined oil supply enterprises must give priority to the full purchase of bio-liquid fuels that meet the standards.
The third is to strengthen the construction of a resource supply security system. According to local conditions, combined with the requirements of ecological construction and environmental protection, we will cultivate suitable energy crops and energy plants and build biomass energy raw material bases. Adapt to different situations in different regions, support enterprises to explore the establishment of biomass energy raw material collection system, optimize biomass energy waste classification, increase domestic energy waste and forestry waste resources survey, and strengthen forestry three remnants and crop resources survey. Scientifically analyze the development of resources in all areas of biomass energy, increase the level of biomass energy resources, and encourage the professional development of biomass materials storage, storage and transportation. Research and develop a biomass material logistics payment policy.
The fourth is to improve the fiscal and tax incentives. Encourage the development of biomass energy industry, and implement accelerated depreciation and appropriate income tax exemption policies for biomass energy production enterprises. The biogas industry and the bio-liquid fuel industry will implement a combination of front-end construction investment subsidies and end-product subsidies, increase financial support, and improve the thermal and electricity price policies for biomass cogeneration projects. Give financial support to the infrastructure needed for the development of the biomass energy industry. Establish a priority financing platform for biomass energy, support financial institutions to increase credit support for the biomass energy industry, give play to the financing function of the capital market, and widely absorb commercial capital into the biomass energy industry.
The fifth is to strengthen the construction of the supervision system. Relevant departments should strengthen supervision over the construction and operation of biomass energy projects, ensure product quality and safety, strengthen standard certification management, do a good job in environmental protection supervision, and establish a monitoring platform and service system for biomass energy industry. Strengthen industrial capacity building such as engineering consulting and technical services to support the sustainable development of the biomass energy industry.
In the new century, China will face the dual pressures of energy security, energy economy and energy environment. Actively developing renewable energy including hydropower, wind power, solar energy and biomass energy has become an inevitable choice for China to achieve sustainable and healthy social and economic development. The picture shows Datang Dengzhou Biomass Thermal Power Plant.
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