The fresh autumn and winter peppers listed before and after the Spring Festival are well received by people and their economic benefits are also high. However, in the early stage of cultivation of autumn and winter peppers, it is hot, high temperature, heavy rain, strong light, long-term exposure, and later in the environment of drought, low temperature and illuminating, it is not good for the growth and development of pepper, flowering results, and wintering. Therefore, the cultivation of autumn and winter peppers is difficult, the maneuverability is strong, and the management level is high. After four consecutive years of exploration, the autumn and winter peppers adopt the "5 anti-one protection" cultivation technology, and the per mu can produce about 2,000 kg of pepper. The specific approach is as follows.
1 pest control
The main disease affecting autumn and winter peppers is viral disease. In the cultivation process of autumn and winter peppers, it is always necessary to prevent the spread of viral diseases as the primary technical measure.
1 Selection of resistant varieties The current varieties with strong antiviral diseases include Luojiao No. 4, Xiangyan No. 3, Zaza No. 2, and Qijiao No. 1.
2 Disease-free seedlings Whether it is a seedbed or a planting site, it is necessary to select fields that have not been planted with solanaceous fruits or cucumbers, tobacco leaves, potatoes, etc. for three consecutive years, with rice fields or newly opened fields as the best; To deepen the fineness, apply the base fertilizer, and dry it for use. The seeds were sterilized with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes, and the seeds were immersed and germinated for sowing. The sowing date should be arranged from the end of July to the middle of August. At the time of sowing, 15 g of carbendazim wettable powder per square meter was used to cover 20 kg of tidal sand with a pad of medicine, and the seeds were sandwiched in the middle of the soil and water was poured. The nutrient soil was selected from 7 rice fields without pathogens, 2 parts of fully decomposed net pig manure and 1 part of human excrement were mixed well, and the cover film was piled up for 90 days. When the seedling grows to 3 true leaves, choose cloudy or sunny evening, and divide the seedlings into nutrient.
3 In a timely manner, prevent the young leaves of the preventive medicine seedlings, and combine the watering with 500 times of the solution of diclosan twice every 6 days to prevent the disease. When the seedlings are 2 true leaves, spray once with a mixture of 20% virus A 400 times and 75% chlorothalonil 800 times. After seedlings, use 500 times of virus spirit, 800 times of thiophanate and 1000 times of dimethoate. Mix the solution, spray once every 7-8 days, spray 2 times in a row, prevent virus A, or 500 times the virus spirit, 800 times chlorothalonil, or 500 times the mancozeb and 蚜虱 2000 times The mixture is sprayed once every 10 days and continuously sprayed 2 to 3 times. After the flowering result, use a mixture of 800 times of multi-generation mixture (carbendazim + dexon zinc) or 800 of a combination agent (methyl thiophanate + dexamethasone) or 1500 times of chlorpyrifos, or Use 600 times the killing and 1000 times of the pyrethroid, or 1500 times the mixture of the enemy and the enemy to kill, cross-spray; the result is sprayed every 5 to 7 days at the beginning of the critical period ~ ~ 3 times, after Spray once every 10 days and spray continuously for 3 to 4 times to effectively prevent mites, tobacco budworms, diamondback moths and various diseases.
2 rainproof
During the cultivation of peppers in autumn and winter, frequent rainy weather, especially heavy rain and heavy rain, is the main factor causing high temperature and high humidity in the field and soil compaction, affecting root growth and development, and inducing disease occurrence. Therefore, the cultivation of autumn and winter peppers, from seeding and seedling to picking and listing, must be carried out in the greenhouse to avoid wind and rain.
3 anti-exposure
From the end of July to the middle and late September, it is the hot summer season. If it is exposed to the sun and the glare is long, it will cause high soil drought, hinder the growth and development of the roots of the pepper, reduce the absorption capacity of water, and weaken the growth potential of the plant. Inducing viral diseases, resulting in reduced production or even lost. Therefore, from the sowing of autumn and winter peppers to September 25, the shed film must be covered with a sunshade net to reduce the light intensity and prevent direct exposure to the sun. In order to prevent the long-term coverage of the shading net, the peppers are long, and the sunshade nets should be removed on cloudy days; before 8 o'clock in the morning and after 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the humidity is low, the light is weak, and the shading net should be removed, so that the peppers in the shed have Sufficient light; as the temperature and light gradually decrease and decrease, the cover time should be gradually shortened. After September 25, the shade net is completely removed.
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