First, the pump speed performance Pump to change the speed, the internal geometry has not changed, so, according to the similar principle of the pump shows: When the speed changes, the flow and speed is proportional to the lift and the square of the speed proportional to the shaft power And is proportional to the cube of the speed, come to: When the same pump when the speed changes, the main performance parameters of the pump will be the proportion of the law of the above changes, and, in the process of change can maintain the same efficiency, if the pump unit speed adjustable , We can change the speed of a Water pump to adapt to the change of water demand at the time so as to avoid the overloading of the motor caused by the water pump running in the low efficiency area and also to avoid the waste caused by the high water supply pressure. At the same time, the pump speed decreases with the shaft power is greatly reduced, the motor input power also will be reduced, which is speed pump in the water supply system from the energy-saving effect. Second, the basic principles of deceleration AC motor according to the working principle of the speed relationship, n = 60f (1-s) / p, derived from the formula: uniformly changing the motor stator winding power frequency, you can smoothly change the motor synchronization Rotating speed. Motor speed slows down, the corresponding reduction in shaft power, motor input power also will be reduced, which is the energy-saving pump speed. AC motor speed properties of a slightly downward slope of the curve, as shown in Figure A, when the speed control characteristics are still slightly downward slope curve, at different frequencies are equal to each other a set of curves, as shown in Figure B: As can be seen from Figure A and Figure B, the speed governing characteristic of the frequency converter basically maintains the inherent speed characteristic of the motor, which is a set of characteristic curves parallel to each other at different frequencies. VVVF has the following advantages: ①small slip, slip loss, efficiency can be as high as 90 ~ 95%. ② smooth and stepless speed regulation, high precision, wide speed range (0 ~ 100%), a wide range of frequency changes (0 ~ 50Hz). ③ starting torque (up to 1.1 times the rated value), to achieve soft-start to reduce the impact of starting current. ④ increase power grid side power factor. ⑤ Inverter can use high-speed 16-bit CPU with a dedicated large-scale integrated circuits with software to achieve V / 5 automatic adjustment, with a computer-based programmable controller online control functions, easy to automate the production process. ⑥ easy to install, easy debugging, easy to operate. ⑦ not only for pump, fan load energy-saving speed control, but also for the transformation of the old equipment, to improve the process conditions, improve product quality has its obvious effect. First, the case Huilong Hardware Machinery Plant life pump, motor power Y200M-2 45KW, install inverter One Taiwan, has been running for three months, saving effect is obvious. Energy Saving Test Data of Life Pump Frequency Conversion and Deceleration As shown in Table A and Table B: Table A (September 2001) Test Data Before Installation of the Inverter (f = 50Hz) Table B (September-October 2001) After the test data (P = 4kgf / cm2 = 39.2N / CM2, f = 0 ~ 50Hz) peak and bottom of the water supply is different with the schedule and lifestyle changes, in order to ensure that housing high-rise buildings and long-distance workers Normal water, we use a constant pressure water supply, that is to maintain the pipe network pressure 4KGF / CM2 (39.2N / CM2). Motor frequency changes with pressure, thus achieving the purpose of saving energy. From Table A and Table B, 10 days running record analysis: Before installing the inverter: water supply 12785T, power consumption 7132KWH, the average unit consumption of 0.558KWH / T, the average time-consuming 39.187KW / H. After installing the inverter: water supply: 12819T; power 5412KWH, the average unit consumption 0.422KW / T, the average time-consuming 29.254KWH. Compared with the 10 days before and after the water supply is almost the same, while the power consumption reduced 1720KWH, the average unit consumption decreased 0.136KWH, ​​saving rate of 24.37%, the average time consumption decreased 9.942KW / H, saving rate of 25.37%, the average saving rate 24.87%, energy-saving effect is remarkable. Investment return period is short: the average daily operating time is 18 hours. The annual operating time is 18 × 365 = 6570 hours. The annual power saving = (average time consumption before input - average time consumption after input) × annual operating time = (39.187-29.254 ) × 6570 = 65319 (KWH) According to the unit price of electricity 1 yuan = annual saving equivalent to the annual energy saving fee = electricity unit price × annual saving = 1 × 65319 = 65319 yuan investment return period = 60000 ÷ 65319 = 0.92 years × 12 months = 11-month spot investment return period of less than 1 year, compared with other energy-saving technologies significantly reduce the return on investment. Central air-conditioning intelligent energy-saving system First, an overview: At present, most of the central air-conditioning water supply systems are manually adjust the water supply, as long as the pump starts running, no matter how the load situation, the pumps are running at maximum load, so the energy waste is more serious, Investigation and test Some air conditioning water supply system data show that the prevalence of large flow small temperature difference. Supply and return water temperature difference of summer cooling water system: the better is 4 ℃, the poorer is 1 ~ 1.5 ℃. Winter heating water supply and return water temperature difference: better for 8 ~ 10 ℃, the worst is 3 ℃. And the circulating water is generally 1.5 times the design of water, which brings a series of questions as follows: 1, the water flow is too large to make cold water systems and water temperature is low, worsen the host's working conditions. 2, due to the pressure of the pump is too large, usually by adjusting the opening of the valve on the pipe to regulate the water flow, so there is a lot of energy on the valve waste. 3, because the pump is usually used Y- △ starting mode, the motor starting current is about 3 to 4 times the rated current, a 30KW motor, the starting current will reach 100A or more. Under such a large current impact, the service life of the contactors and other components is greatly reduced, which increases the maintenance workload and spare parts costs. Secondly, the larger starting current will also cause great power loss in the motor and transformer, causing the heating of electrical equipment and other issues. From the above we can see that the water supply system is less efficient and energy consumption, and is a long-term operation of equipment, energy-saving transformation is completely necessary, according to statistics, in the air-conditioning system, the winter warm power accounts for about 20 % ~ 30%. In the summer cooling period accounted for 15% to 25% of the power consumption. Therefore, reducing the electricity consumption of air-conditioning system is an important part of reducing costs. Second, the technical feasibility of energy-saving retrofit: Constant pressure (thermostat) intelligent control Saver, control the pump operation, is an effective way to transform the water supply system, Figure A and Figure B shows the valve control and intelligent control section Pressure - flow (HQ) relationship and power - flow (P - Q) relationship between two operating states of the appliance. Curve 1 in Fig. A is the H - Q curve of the pump at rated speed, curve 2 is the HQ curve of the pump at a lower speed, curve 3 is the line H - Q curve with the largest valve opening, curve 4 is a smaller valve opening under the conditions of the use of intelligent controller to adjust the pump operation, the operating point along the curve 3 from point A to point C. Obviously, B and C point the same flow, but the pressure at point B to C point pressure is much higher, that is, intelligent control of pump operation, energy-saving effect is significant. Curve 5 in Fig. B is the P - Q curve of the intelligent control pump operation, curve 6 is the P - Q curve under the valve regulation mode, and the intelligent control mode consumes less energy than the valve regulation mode at the same flow rate Q is the actual load flow, Qe is the rated flow, Pe is the rated load power, ΔP is the power saving value. It can be calculated when the load flow down to 70% of the rated flow, the saving rate will reach 48%. In addition to saving energy, the application of intelligent control Power Saver will bring the following benefits to the water supply unit operation: 1: The maximum opening of the pipeline valve, eliminating the throttle loss on the valve. 2: Under-voltage, over-current, phase loss, leakage and other protective measures to improve the motor operating conditions and improve the reliability of operation. 3: to achieve soft-start motor (the maximum starting current is less than the rated current). 4: start smooth, no impact load, significantly reduce equipment wear and tear to extend the service life of equipment, reduce maintenance costs. 5: The pipeline pressure is reduced, reducing the drip leakage, equipment operation more secure. 6: In the air conditioning system, adjust the water flow, the chiller water and backwater temperature control in the appropriate range, to ensure the host heat exchange rate, save the host energy consumption. Third, the transformation program 1: water supply system and air conditioning with frozen water pump using constant pressure closed-loop control, the pressure sensor detects the signal feedback to the intelligent control Power Saver, motor control operation. 2: air conditioning cooling water pump temperature closed-loop control. 3: In order to facilitate overhaul and does not affect the production, can carry out power-saving control and mains two state operation, at the same time the implementation of electrical interlock. (In the form of control cabinet provided to the user) 4: With automatic control loop, manual bypass control and the corresponding indication of the state and a variety of comprehensive protection features, such as overload, over-current, over-voltage alarm.
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